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000 Data file (GEOWorks)
000-20009 Used to number old (backup) versions of files (for example, CONFIG.SYS
when changed by an installation program); also used to number related
data files for multiple users of a small-scale PC application
1ST Documenting wizard list (Microsoft Visual FoxPro)
001-999 Database index files used by (Superbase)
8 Source file (Assembly) (Similar to Microsoft Assembler)
113 Backup data file (Iomega Backup)
12M Smartmaster file (Lotus 1-2-3 '97)
123 Lotus 123 97 file
1-STEP Backup file (Iomega Backup)
2D Two-dimensional drawing file (VersaCAD)
2GR and 3GR VGA Graphics driver/configuration files (Microsoft Windows)
3D Three-dimensional drawing file (VersaCAD)
3DM 3D NURBS modeler, (Rhino)
3DS A file in 3D Studio (for DOS) format
386 A file for use in an 80386 or higher microprocessor
411 Data file (Used by digital cameras)
4GE Compiled code (Informix 4GL)
4GL Source code (Informix 4GL)
4V Music file (Quartet)
669 Music mod file (Composer 669)(Unis Composer)
669 Tracker module (Composer 669)
#01 and up A method of numbering picture files for a roll of film that has been
scanned for computer presentation
$$$ Used by OS/2 to keep track of archived files
~PR Project backup file (Terramodel)
~$~ Temporary file (1ST Reader)
~AP AppExpert project database file (Borland C++ 4.5)
~DE Project backup file (Borland C++ 4.5)
~MN Menu backup (Norton Commander)
@@@ Screen files used in the installation and instruction on use of such
applications as Microsoft Codeview for C.
# A B
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A
A Object code library
A Library file (Unix)
AA Audible audio file (commonly used for downloadable audio books)
AAM Authorware shocked file
AAS Authorware shocked packet
AB Applix Builder file
ABF Adobe Binary Screen Font
ABK Backup file (PrintMaster Gold)
ABK Corel Draw AutoBackup
ABM Audio album file (HitPlayer)
ABO Applix Builder Turbo file
ABS MPEG Audio Sound file
ABS Standard GNU compiler output file for a PC platform
ABS Sometimes used to denote an abstract (as in an abstract or summary
of a scientific paper) AutoBackup
ACA Project Manager Workbench file
ACA HTTP animation file (Microsoft Agent)
ACB ACBM Graphic image
ACC DR-DOS Viewmax file
ACD Character definiton file (Microsoft Agent)
ACE ACE Archiver Compression file
ACF HTTP character file (Microsoft Agent)
ACI ACI development appraisal (ACIWEB)
ACL Corel Draw 6 keyboard accelerator file
ACM Windows system directory file
ACM Interplay compressed sound file (Fallout 1,2, Baulder's Gate)
ACM Dynamic Link Library (DLL)
ACP Microsoft Office Assistant Preview file
ACR American College of Radiology file
ACS Character structered storage file (Microsoft Agent)
ACT Microsoft Office Assistant Actor file
ACT FoxPro Foxdoc Action Diagram
ACT Action Presentation
ACT Documenting wizard action diagram (Microsoft Visual FoxPro)
ACV Used to Compress and decompress audio data
AD After Dark screensaver
Ada Ada source text file (non-GNAT)
ADB Ada source text body file (GNAT)
ADB HP 100LX Organizer Appointment database
ADC Scanstudio 16 color Bitmap Graphic file
ADD OS/2 adapter driver file used in the boot process
ADF Amiga disk file
ADI AutoCAD device-independent binary plotter file
ADL QEMM Mca adaptor description library
ADM After Dark MultiModule screensaver (Microsoft)
ADM Windows NT policy template
ADN Lotus 1-2-3 Add-In file
ADP Dynamic Page file (AOLserver)
ADP FaxWorks Faxmodem setup file
ADP Astound Dynamite file
ADR Smart Address address book
ADS Ada source text specification file (GNAT)
ADT HP NewWave datafile for card applications
ADT AdTech Fax file
ADX Dynazip Active Delivery script
ADX Lotus Approach dBase Index
ADX Archetype Designer Document
ADZ Packed ADF file (Extracts with WinZip)
AE Author/Editor file (SoftQuad)
AEP ArcExplorer project file
AF2 ABC FlowCharter 2.0 Flowchart
AF3 ABC Flowchart
AFC Apple Sound file
AFI Truevision Bitmap graphic
AFM Adobe metrics
AFM HP NewWave Cardfile application
AG Applix graphic
AI Adobe Illustrator drawing
AI Corel Trace drawing
AIF Audio Interchange File, a sound format used by Silicon Graphics
and Macintosh applications
AIFC Similar to AIF (compressed)
AIFF Similar to AIF
AIM AOL Instant Messenger Launch file
AIN AIN Compressed archive
AIO APL transfer file
AIS ACDSee Image Sequence
AIS Velvet Studio Instruments file
AIS Xerox Arry of Intensity Samples Graphic
AIX HP NewWave Cardfile Application data
AKW Contains all A-keywords in the RoboHELP Help Project Index Designer not
associated with topics
ALAW European Telephony audio
ALIAS Alias Image
ALB JASC Image Commander album
ALI Document file (SAP proprietary format)
ALL Arts & Letters Library
ALL WordPerfect for Windows General printer information file
ALS Alias Image
ALT WordPerfect Library Menu
AM Applix SHELF Macro
AMF AMGC Compressed archive
AMG ACTOR System image
AMI Annotation file (Cocreate SolidDesigner)
AMS Velvet Studio music module (MOD) file
AMS Extreme's Tracker module
AN Text file (Sterling Software) (Groundworks COOL Business Team Model)
ANC Canon Computer Pattern Maker file that is a selectable list of pattern colors
ANI Microsoft Windows Animated cursor
ANM DeluxPaint Animation
ANN Windows 3.x Help annotation
ANS ANSI Text file
ANT SimAnt for Windows saved game
AOS Nokia 9000 Add-on software
AOT Applicatio binary object template file (ZenWorks snAPPshot)
AP Applix Presents file
AP WHAP Compressed Amiga archive
APC Compiled application file (Centura Team Developer)
APC Lotus 1-2-3 Printer driver
APD Dynamic application library file (Centura Team Developer)
APD Lotus 1-2-3 Printer driver
APF Lotus 1-2-3 Printer driver
APF Project file (Allaire) (Created by Homesite)
API Application Program Interface; used by Adobe Acrobat
API Lotus 1-2-3 Printer driver
APL Application library file (Centura Team Developer)
APL APL Workspace file
APP Normal mode application file (Centura Team Developer)
APP Symphony Add-in Application
APP Generated application or active document (Microsoft Visual FoxPro)
APP dBase Application Generator Object
APP DR-DOS Executable Application
APP FoxPro Generated Application
APR ArcView project file
APR Employee Appraiser Performance Review file
APR Lotus Approach 97 View file
APS Microsoft Visual C++ file
APS Advanced patching systems with error checking, (Similar to IPS)
APT Lotus Approach Data view file
APT Text mode application file (Centura Team Developer)
APX Lotus Approach Paradox-Specific information file
APX Borland C++ Appexpert database
AQ Applix data
ARC LH ARC (old version) compressed archive
ARC SQUASH Compressed archive
ARF Automatic Response file
ARI ARI Compressed archive
ARI Aristotle audio file
ARJ Robert Jung ARJ compressed archive (ARJ)
ARK ARC File Archiver CPM/Port archive
ARL AOL v4.0 organizer file
ARR Atari Cubase Arrangement
ART Xara Studio drawing
ART Canon Crayola art
ART Clip Art
ART Ray Tracer file
ART First Publisher Raster graphic
ART AOL Image file compressed using the Johson-Grace compression algorithm
ARX ARX Compressed Archive
AS Applix Spreadsheet
ASA Microsoft Visual InterDev file
ASC ASCII text file
ASC PGP armored encrypted file
ASD WinWord AutoSave file
ASD Lotus 1-2-3 Screen driver
ASD Microsoft Advanced Streaming Format (ASF) description file; opens with NSREX
ASD Astound Presentation
ASE Velvet Studio Sample file
ASF Music file (Electronic Arts)
ASF Microsoft Advanced Streaming Format
ASF StratGraphics Datafile
ASF Lotus 1-2-3 Screen font
ASH TASM 3.0 Assembly language header
ASI Borland C++/Turbo C Assembler Include file
ASM Assembler Language source file
ASM Pro/E assembly file
ASO Astound Dynamite Object
ASP Active Server Page (an HTML file containing a Microsoft server-processed script)
ASP Procomm Plus setup and connection script
ASP Astound Presentation
AST Astound multimedia file
AST Claris Works "assistant" file
ASV DataCAD Autosave file
ASX Cheyenne Backup script
ASX Microsoft Advanced Streaming Redirector file
ASX Video file
AT2 Aldus Persuasion 2.0 Auto Template
ATM Adobe Type Manager data/info file
ATT AT&T Group 4 bitmap
ATW AnyTime Deluxe for Windows personal information manager file from Individual
Software MultiModule screensaver
AU Sun/NeXT/DEC/UNIX sound file
AU Audio U-law (pronounced mu-law)
AUD Audio file (Westwood Studios) (Kyrandia 3,C&C,RedAlert,C&C:TS)
AUX TeX/LaTeX Auxilliary Reference file
AUX ChiWriter Auxilliary Dictionary file
AVA Avagio Publication
AVB Inculan Anti-Virus virus infected file
AVI Microsoft Audio Video Interleaved file for Windows movie
AVR Audio Visual Research file
AVS Application Visualization System file
AVS Stardent AVS-X Image
AVX File Extension (ArcView)
AW HP AdvanceWrite Text file
AW Applix Words file
AWD FaxView Document image
AWK AWK Script/Program
AWM Animation Works Movie
AWR Telsis file for digitally stored audio
AWS StatGraphics Data file
AXL ArcIMS XML project file
AXT ASCII application object template (ZenWorks snAPPshot)
AXX ARJ compressed file from a multi-volume archive (xx = a number from 01 to 99)
A3L Authorware 3.x library
A4L Authorware 4.x library
A5L Authorware 5.x library
A3M Authorware MacIntosh file (unpackaged)
A4M Authorware MacIntosh file (unpackaged)
A4P Authorware file (packaged without runtime)
A3W Authorware Windows file (unpackaged)
A4W Authorware Windows file (unpackaged)
A5W Authorware Windows file (unpackaged)
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B
B. Bachelor
B Besselian epoch (astronomy)
B Bishop (chess)
B blue
b. born
B.A. Bachelor of Arts
BAdW Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften),
Munich, Germany
BAE British Aerospace, Australia
BAKO Bako Surtanal, Indonesia
BARD Bay Area Regional Deformation GPS Network, USA
BARGN Basin and Range GPS Network, USA
BAS Bulgarian Academy Sciences
BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BAT British American Tobacco Co.
BATC Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, Boulder, CO, USA
BAW British AirWays
BBC BaseBand Converter
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BBS Bulletin Board System (Bulletin Board Services)
BC Before Christ
BC Blind Copy
BC British Columbia (Canadian province)
BCC Blind Carbon Copy (e-mail)
BCC Business Computer Company
BCD Binary-Coded Decimal (computing)
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine
BCRS Barycentric Celestial Reference System
BD Bonner Durchmusterung
Bd. Boulevard (French)
BDL Bureau des Longitudes, Paris Observatory, France
BDT Barycentric Dynamical Time
BE-C Beacon Explorer C satellite
BEK International Commission for Global Geodesy of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
(Bayerische Kommission fuer die Internationale Erdmessung), Germany
BEP Basic Earth Parameters
BER Bit Error Rate
BFEC Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, USA
BfL Bundesamt fuer Landestopographie (Federal Office of Topography), Wabern,
Switzerland (the same as FOT, LPT, L+T)
BGN Brain Games Network Co., GB
BIF Binary Information Files (BIF)
BIFROST Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound Observations, Sea Level,
and Tectonics
BIGS Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
BIH Bureau International de l'Heure, Paris, France (now BIPM)
BIMA Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association, USA
BIPM International Bureau for Weights and Measures
(Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), Paris, France (former BIH)
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIOS Built-in Operating System
BISAM Basic Indexed Sequential Access Method
bit BInary digiT
BITnet Because It's Time Network
BKG Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy
(Bundesamt fuer Kartographie und Geodeasie), Frankfurt, Germany (formerly IfAG)
B.L. Bachelor of Low
bldg. building
BLM Bureau of Land Management
Blvd. Boulevard (French)
B.M. Bachelor of Medicine
BM Bench Mark
BMP (Windows) Bitmap
BNSC British National Space Center
BOF Birds of a Feather (a kind of scientific meeting)
BOJ Bank Of Japan
BOT Beginning Of Tape (computing)
BPE Bernese Processing Engine (GPS software)
bpi bytes (bits) per inch
bps bits per second
Bps bytes per second
BRD Broadcast Ephemeris
BRI Basic Rate Interface
BRS Barycentric Reference System
B.S. Bachelor of Science
BS Bright Stars
BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method
BSc Bachelor of Science
BSC Binary Compatibility Specification
BSD Berkeley Software Distribution
BSL Baltic Sea Level
BST British Summer Time (UTC + 1h)
BSW Bernese Software
BTS BIH Terrestrial System
BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics, USA
btw by the way
Bull. Bulletin
BW Bandwidth
BWE Becker-White-Edwards (catalog)
b/w black and white
BWS BandWidth Synthesis
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C
C Celsius (Centigrade)
C. Comment
C Commission
C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence
CA California
ca (circa) approximately, about
CA Component Architecture (computing)
CA (C/A) Coarse Acquisition (GPS)
CACS Canadian Active Control System
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CADC Canadian Astronomy Data Center (HIA)
Cal. California
Calif. California
CALS Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (image file format)
CALTECH California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
CALTRANS California Department of Transportation
CAM Core Angular Momentum
CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control
CAMC Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle
CAMMAC Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, Meteorites, Astroblems, Craters
CAN NASA Cooperative Agreement Notice
Cap. Capital
CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences
CASB STScI Catalogs and Surveys Branch
CASC Canadian Active Control System
CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering
CASM Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping
CAT MRAO Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
CATS Astrophysical CATalogs support System (Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS,
Russia)
CATS Central Asian Tectonic Sciences program
CAY Centro Astronomico de Yebes, Spain
CB Central Bureau
CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
CBIS IGS Central Bureau Information System
CBK Space Research Center PAN
(Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk), Warsaw, Poland
CBN Canadian Base Net
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CBT Congress Business Travel Ltd.
CC Carbon Copy
CC Compilation Catalog
cc cubic centimeter
CCC Correlator Control Computer (VLBI)
CCD Charged Coupled Device
CCDM Catalog of the Components of Double and Multiply Systems
CCDS Comite Consultatif pour la Definition de la Seconde
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee
CCLRC Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils, UK
CCNet Cambridge Conference Network, UK
CCO Cisco Connection Online
CCR Corner Cube Reflector
CCT Computer Compatible Tape
CCTF Consultative Committee for the Time and Frequency
(Comite Consultatif du Temps et des Frequences)
CCU Comite Consultatif des Unites
CD Change Directory
CD Compact Disc
CD Cordoba Durchmusterung
CDAS Climate Data Analysis System
CdC Map of the Sky (Carte du Ciel)
CDC Control Data Corp., USA
CDDIS NASA Crustal Dynamics Data Information System
CDE Common Desktop Environment (HP)
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDP NASA Crustal Dynamics Project
CDS Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg, France
CDSCC NASA Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex, Spain
CDSLR Crustal Dynamics Satellite Laser Ranging
CDSM Chief Directorate Surveys and Mapping, South Africa
CDT U.S. Central Daylight Time (UTC - 5h)
CDU Control/Display Unit
CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
CEDR Center for Earth Dynamics Research, Czech Republic
CEE Centro de Estudios Espaciales, University de Chile, Chile
CEGRN Central Europe GPS Reference Network
CEI Central European Initiative
CEI Connected Element Interferometer
CEJP Central European Journal of Physics
Celes. Celestial
Celest. Celestial
CEO Celestial Ephemeris Origin
CEO Center for Earth Observation
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CEP Celestial Ephemeris Pole
CEReS Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Japan
CERES Consortium for European Research on Extragalactic Surveys
CERFACS European Center for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation
(Centre Europeen de Recherche et de Formation Avancee en Calcul Scientifique)
CERGA Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Geodynamique et Astrometrie (Astronomigue),
France
CERGOP Central Europe Regional Geodynamics Project
CERN Center for European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Switzerland
CET Central European Time (UTC + 1h)
cf. (Lat. confer) compare
CF Constant Factor
CfA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA, USA
CFD Constant Fraction Discriminator (electronics)
CFHT Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation
CfP Call for Participation
CGA Color Graphics Adapter
CGFF Canadian Geodetic Fringe Fitting (software, DRAO)
CG-IC China Geoinformatic Center of the Chinesse Academy of Surveying and Mapping
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CGLBI Canadian Geodetic Long Baseline Interferometry
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
CGPM General Conference on Weights and Measures
(Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures)
CGPS Canadian Galactic Plane Survey
CGPS Continuous GPS
CGS Centimeter-Gram-Second system
CGS ASI Space Geodesy Center (Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy,
the same as CSG
CGSIC Civil GPS Service Interface Committee
CGU Canadian Geophysical Union
CHAMP Challenging Mini-satellite Payload
CHARA Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy
Chem. Chemical
Chem. Chemistry
CIA U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
CIC CIGNET Information Center, Rockville, MD, USA
CICESE Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Encenada, Mexico
CID Charged Injection Device
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIE Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (Compagnie Internationale de l'Eclairade)
CIGNET Cooperative International GPS Network
CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval
CIO Conventional International Origin
CIP Celestial Intermediate Pole
CIPE Central Institute for Physics of the Earth, Germany
CIPM International Committee for Weights and Measures
(Comite International des Poids et Mesures)
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS Conventional Inertial System
CISAS Center of Studies and Activities for Space
(Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Attivita' Spaziali)
of the University of Padova
cit. cited
CITES Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species
CIW Carnegie Institute of Washington, Wasington, DC, USA
C-LAR Canadian Large Adaptive Reflector
CLCS Checkout and Launch Control System, NASA
CLFST MRAO Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope
CLG Central Laboratory of Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria
CLIPS Climate Information and Prediction Services
CLPP Central Laboratory for Parallel Processing, Bulgaria
CLS CLear Screen
CLS Collecte Localization Satellites, Ramonville Cedex, France
CLX Component Library for Cross Platforms (Borland)
CM Center of Mass
CMASF San Fernando Automatic Meridian Circle
CMB Center-of-Mass Ballance
CMB Core-Mantle Boundary
CMB Cosmic Microwave Background
CMC Carlsberg Meridian Catalog
CMC Common Massaging Calls (API)
C.M.G. Companion of the order of St. Michael & St. George (UK)
CML Combined Membership List
CMMACS CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation,
Bangalore, India
CMONOC Crustal Movement Observation Network of China
CMOS Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CMT Carlsberg Meridian Telescope
CMVA Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array, USA
CNES French Space Agency (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales), Toulouse, France
CNN Cable News Network, USA
CNR Communication Network Riser (PC slot)
CNR National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Italy
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS Systems, Inc.), Severna Park,
MD, USA
c/o care of
CO Colorado
Co. Company
COAST MRAO Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope
COBOL COmmon Business-Oriented Language
COBRAS COsmic Background Radiation Anisotropy Satellite
C.O.D. Cash On Delivery
COD Center for Orbit Determination
CODASYL COnference on DAta SYstem Language, USA
CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology
CODE Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, AIUB, Bern, Switzerland
CODMAC ILRS Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computing
COHIG Core-O'Higgins VLBI experiments
COI Co-Investigator
COKE Connected between OLIVE and KSP network Experiment, Japan
Col. Colonel
Col. Colorado
Col. College
Coll. Colloquium
Colo. Colorado
CoM Center-of-Mass
COM Component Object Model
Comm. Communication (technology)
Comm. Communications (journal)
CONAE COmision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Argentina
Conf. Conference
CONFOR CONnection of Frames in Optical and Radio regions
Conn. Connecticut
Cont. Continued
Cont. Contract
CONUS Continental United States
COO Chief Operating Officer
Coop. Cooperative
COP Code predicted (orbit)
COPUOS UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
CORDIS EU Community Research & Development Information Service
CORE Continuous Observations of the Rotation of the Earth
Corp. Corporation
CORS Continuously Operating Reference Stations
COSIS Copernicus Online Service and Information System
COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate
COSPAR Committee on Space Research
COSPAS-SARSAT COsmicheskaya Systema Poiska Avariinyh Sudov - Search And Rescue SATellite,
Russia
COSTAR Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (HST)
COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries
COTES Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
COTS Commercial Off The Shelf
COWAT Coaxial Wave-guide Transformer
CP Collaborative Programs
CP Command Processor
cp. compare
CP NASA STI Conference Publication
CPC Cape Photographic Catalog
CPC IERS Conventions Product Center
CPD Cape Photographic Durchmusterung
cpd cycles per day
CPIRSS USNO Catalog of Positions of Infrared Stellar Sources
CPO Celestial Pole Offset
CPS Certification Practice Statement
cps character per second
cpsd cycles per sidereal day
Cpt. Captain
CPU Central Processing Unit
CR Carriage Return
CR Choke Ring (antenna)
CR NASA STI Contractor Report
CRAAE Center for Radio Astronomy and Space Applications
(Centro de Radio Astronomia e Aplicacoes Espaciais), Brazil
CRC Camera Ready Copy
CRC IERS Combination Research Center
CRDF Civilian R&D Foundation for the Independent States of the FSU, USA
CRESTech Center for Research in Earth and Space Technology, Canada
CRF Celestial Reference Frame
CRL Communications Research Laboratory, Japan
CRLHI CRL Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
CrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (NPOESS)
CRMS Clock RMS (IGS)
CRS Celestial Reference System
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CS Communication Satellite
CS CornerStoun mission (ESA)
CSA Canadian Space Agency
CSB China Seismological Bureau
CSBN IAU Committee on Small Body Nomenclature
CSC Computer Science Corp., Silver Spring, MD, USA
CSC Computer Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA, USA
CSG ASI Center of Spatial Feodesy (Centro di Geodesia Spaziale), Matera, Italy,
the same as CGS
CSIC Spanish Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, India
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia
CSnet Computer Science Network
CSO California Institute of Technology 10.4-m Submillimeter Telescope, Mauna Kea,
HI, USA
CSOC Consolidated Space Operations Contract, NASA, USA
CSPAD Compensated Single Photon Avalanche Diode
CSR Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA, USA
CSR Center for Space Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
CSR Concept Study Report
CSRC California Spatial Reference Center, San Diego, CA, USA
CSRIFS Combined Square Root Information Filter and Smoother
CSRS Canadian Spatial Reference System
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
CST U.S. Central Standard Time (UTC - 6h)
CST China Standard Time (UTC + 8h)
CSTC Air Force Sunnyvale Consolidated Space Test Center, USA
CSTG IAG Commission VIII - International Coordination of Space Techniques
for Geodesy and Geodynamics
CSTP Council for Science and Technology Policy, Japan
CT Connecticut
Ct. Court
CTE Charge Transfer Efficiency (CCD)
CTE Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
CTIO Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile
CTIP CSIRO Telecommunications & Industrial Physics
Ctl Control
CTLRS Chinese Transportable Laser Ranging System
CTO Chief Technology Officer
Ctrl Control
CTRS Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
CTS Canadian Technology Satellite
CTS Conventional Terrestrial System
CTU FNSPE Czech Technical University Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering
CTVA Canadian Transportable VLBI Antenna
CU University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
CU see you
CUO Copenhagen University Observatory
CV Common View
CV Curriculum Vitae
CW Chandler Wobble
CZIN Czech Institute of Navigation
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D D Defender (sport)
D. Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party)
D Division
D. Doctor
D Draws (sport)
DA Digital-to-Analog
DA District Attorney
DAAC NASA/JPL Distributed Active Archive Center
DAC Data Analysis Center
DAC Digital-to-Analog Convertor
DAL Delta AirLines, USA
DAM Direct Access Method
DAN Canadian Network
DANOF Departement d'Astronomie Fondamentale, Paris Observatory, France (now SYRTE)
DAO Data Access Objects
DAO NASA/GSFC Data Assimilation Office
DAO Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, Canada
DARA German Space Agency
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA
DART Dynamic Advertising Reporting Targeting
DAS Data Acquisition System (VLBI)
DAS Data Analysis System
DASD Direct Access Storage Device
DASOS DAS Operating System (VLBI)
DAT Data Acquisition Terminal (VLBI)
DB Data Base
DB Directing Board
DBCS Double-Byte Character Set
DBH Data Base Handler (Mark-3 VLBI file format)
dble Double
DBMS Data Base Management System
DC Data Center
DC Device Context
DC Direct Current
DC District of Columbia
DCB Data Control Block
DCB Device Control Block
DCB Differential Code Bias (GPS)
DCE Data Communication Equipment
DCL Digital Command Language
DCS Data Collecting System
DD NOAA FSL Demonstration Division
DD Double Density
DD Double Difference (GPS)
DD Dual-Depth (GPS antenna)
D-day Designated day
DDE Dynamic Data Exchange
DDI Device Driver Interface
DDN Defense Data Network
DDNA Divided Difference Noise Analysis
DDT DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane
DDX Dialog Data Exchange
DE Declination
DE Delaware
Dec December
Dec Declination
DEC Digital Equipment Corp., USA
DECnet DEC networking product
def. Defeat
Def. Definition
Del. Delaware
Del. Delete
Dem. Democrat (a member of the Democratic Party)
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DEOS Delft Institute for Earth-Oriented Space Research, the Netherlands
dep. Deputy
Dept. Department
DET Detachment
DF Defender (sport)
DF&P WG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group
DFPWG ILRS Data Formats and Procedures Working Group
DFN Deutsches Forschungnetz, Germany
DFNK German Research Network on Natural Disasters
DFRF Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA, USA
DFS Duty Free Shop
DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation
DFTNIC NASA/GSFC Data Flow Technology Network Information Center
DG Delay Generator (electronics)
DGFI German Geodetic Research Institute (Deutsches Geodaetisches ForschungsInstitut),
Munich, Germany
DGGA Dense GPS Geodetic Array, USA
DGK German Geodetic Commission (Deutsche Geodaetische Kommission)
DGON German Institute of Navigation (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Ortung und Navigation)
DGPS Differential GPS
DGRS Dynamically nonrotating Geocentric Reference System
DHS IUHPS Division of History of Science
DHTML Dynamic HTML
DIB Device Independent Bitmap
DIF DOMES Information Form
DIQ Data and Information Quality
DIM Data Input Module
DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module
DIOGENE Determination Immediate d'Orbite par GPS Et Navigateur Embarque
DIR DIRectory
DIS Data Information System
DITT Department of Land, Noumea, New Caledonia
Div. Division
DIVA Double Interferometer for Visual Astrometry satellite
DJ DeskJet printer
DJ Disc Jockey
DL Dynamically Loaded
DLA Defense Logistics Agency, USA
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DLR German Aerospace Center
(Deutsche Forshungsanstalt fuer Luft- and Raumfart e.V.), Neustrelitz, Germany
DM Deutsche Mark
DM (D/M) Dorne-Margolin (GPS antenna)
DMCR Dorne-Margolin Choke Ring (GPS antenna)
DMA U.S. Defence Mapping Agency
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMAHTC DMA Hydrographic and Topographic Center
DMI David Malin Images
DMS Data Measurement System
DMSA Double and Multiply Stars Annex (Hipparcos)
DMSP DoD Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, USA
DMZ DeMilitarized Zone
DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNS Domain Name System (Domain Name Service) (Internet)
DOC DOCument, DOCumentation
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
dof degree of freedom (statistics)
DOGS DGFI Orbit and Geodetic parameter estimation System
DOM Data Output Module
DOMES Directory of Merit Sites
DOMEX DOMEs EXtended
DOP Dilution of Precision (GPS)
DORIS Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
DOS Department of Space, India
DOS Disk Operating System
DOSE Dynamics of the Solid Earth
DOSLI Department of Survey and Land Information, Wellington, New Zealand
DOT Data Observe Time (VSI)
DoT U.S. Department of Transportation
DOT Dynamic Ocean Topography
DOY Day of Year
DP Double Precision
D-PAF Germany Processing and Analysis (Archiving) Facility, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
dpi dots per inch
DPL Data Prefetch Logic
DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface
DPMS Dahlgren Polar Monitoring Service
DPS Data Processing System
DPS Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRI Desert Research Institute, NV, USA
DRP Driver Registration Packet
DQA Data Quality Analysis
DQE Detective Quantum Efficiency
Dr. Doctor
DRAO HIA Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton, BC, Canada
DRE Doppler Ranging Equipment
DREN Defense Research and Engineering Network
DRF Delay Resolution Function
DS Strassburg Center of Astronomical Data
(Centre de Donnes Astronomiques de Strasburg), France
DS Double Sided (disk)
DSC Digital Selective Calling
DSD Defense Signal Directorate, Australia
DSGS Densely Spaced Geodetic Systems
DSIR/PEL Department of Scientific & Industrial Researches / Physics
& Engineering Laboratory, Lauder, New Zealand
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSN NASA/JPL Deep Space Network
D.S.O. Distinguished Service Order (UK)
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DSS NASA/JPL Deep Space Station
DSS STScI Digitized Sky Survey
DST Daylight Savings Time
DSU Data Service Unit
DTD Document Type Definition
DTM Digital Terrain Map
DTS Data Transmission System (VLBI)
DUACS Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies
DUT Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
DUT/OSG DUT Observatory for Space Geodesy, the Netherlands
DVD Digital Video Disk
DVI Digital Visual Interface
D.W. Daily Worker (newspaper)
DX Duplex
Dyn. Dynamical
dz. dozen
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E
E East
EA Exchange of Astronomers
EAAE European Association for Astronomy Education
EAAM Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum
EAGE European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers
EAM Effective Angular Momentum
EAM Federal Office of Metrology, Switzerland
EARN European Academic Research Network
EBCDIC Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBRY Eastern Basin Range Yellowstone, USA
EBS Electron Bombarded Silicon
EC Environment Canada
EC European Commission
EC European Council
EC Executive Committee
ECB European Central Bank
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System
ECEF Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed reference frame
ECGN European Combined Geodetic Network
ECI Earth-Centered Inertial reference frame
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting
ECOM Extended CODE Orbit Model
ECP Enhanced Capability Port
ECRA Eastern Center for Research in Astrophysics, IRE, India
Ed. Edited
Ed. Editor
Eds. Editors
ED European Datum
EDC EROS Data Center
EDC EUROLAS Data Center, Munich, Germany
EDC DAAC EROS/EOSDIS Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EDM Electronic Distance Measuring (Measurement)
EDO Extended Data Out (RAM)
EDT U.S. Eastern Daylight Time (UTC - 4h)
EEC European Economic Community
EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (US Air Force)
EEP Einstein Equivalence Principle
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EET Electronic Engineering Times (newspaper)
EFTA European Free Trade Association
e.g. (Lat. exempli gratia) for instance
EGA Extended (Enhanced) Graphics Adapter
EGM Earth Gravity Model
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
EGS European Geophysical Society (now EGU)
EGS Experimental Geodetic Satellite
EGU European Geosciences Union (former EGS + former EUG)
EHF Extra High Frequency
EIDS European Integrity Determination System (GalileoSat)
EIH Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman (equations)
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
El Elevation
ELDP European Lake Drilling Program
Elect. Electrical
Electron. Electronics
ELF Extra Low Frequency
ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle
ELVIS Expendable Launch Vehicle Integrated Support
EM ElectroMagnetic
EMB Earth-Moon Barycenter
EMIR European Microgravity Research Program
EMP EMR predicted (orbit)
EMPV Epoch of Minimal Position Variance
EMR Now NRCan
eNav Electronic Navigation
ENC Electronic Nautical Chart
ENE East-Northeast
Eng. Engineer(s)
Eng. Engineering
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
ENSO El Nino / Southern Oscillation (meteorology)
ENVISAT ENVIronmental SATellite
EOAM Effective Oceanic Angular Momentum
EOC NASDA Earth Observation Center
EOF End of file
EOM End of Month
EOP Earth Orientation Parameters
EOPAP NASA Earth and Ocean Physics Application Program
EOS Earth Observing System
EOS Electro Optical Systems, Australia
EOS European Optical Society
EOSDIS NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System
EOT End Of Tape (computing)
EOV End Of Volume (computing)
EOY End of Year
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon
EPL Excess Path Length
EPN European Permanent GPS Network
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPRSC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK
EPS Encapsulated PostScript
EPUSP-PTR Escola Politecnica da USP-PTR
EQ EarthQuake
eq. equal
eq. equation
eq. equivalent
eqs. equations
ERA Earth Rotation Angle
ERA Ephemeris Research in Astronomy (software, IAA)
ERCOFTAC European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
ERDE VLBI Extended Research and Development Experiment
ERI Earthquake Research Institute, Tokio University, Japan
ERI Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokio, Japan
ERIDOC European Radio Interferometry and Doppler Observational Campaign
ERLcat USNO Extragalactic Reference Link Catalog
EROLD Earth Rotation from Lunar Distances (LLR project)
EROS NASA/USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems
(Earth Resources Observing Satellite)
ERP Earth Rotation Parameters
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ERS Earth Resources Satellite
ERS Environmental Research Satellite
ERS European Remote Sensing satellite
ERS Extragalactic Radio Source
ERTS NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite
ESA European Space Agency
ESATT European Science and Technology Transfer Network
ESC ESCape
ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
ESDCD NASA/GSFC Earth and Space Data Computing Division
ESE NASA Earth Science Enterprise
ESE East-Southeast
ESG European Society of Geodesy
ESI Edge Side Includes (HTML extension)
ESL English as a Second Language
ESLRS NASA/GSFC Experimental Satellite Laser Ranging System
ESMF NASA/UCAR Earth System Modeling Framework project
ESO European Southern Observatory
ESOC European Space Operations Center
esp. especially
ESP ESA predicted (orbit)
ESPERE Environmental Science Published for Everybody Round the Earth
ESPP Employee Stock Purchase Plan
ESRIN European Space Research Institute
ESSP Earth System Science Pathfinder
ES SRIPRM East-Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Physics-technical
and Radio-technical Measurements (VS NIIFTRI)
EST U.S. Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5h)
ESTEC ESA European Space Research and Technology Center
ESTEDI European Spatio-Temporal Data Infrastructure for High-Performance Computing
ESTO NASA Earth Science Technology Office
ET Ephemeris Time
ETA Expected Time of Arrival
et al. (Lat. et alii) and others
etc. (Lat. et cetera) and others, and so on
ETC IAG Earth Tide Commission
ETH Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus
ETRS European Terrestrial Reference System
ETS Engineering Test Satellite
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
EUG European Union of Geosciences (now EGU)
EUGIN European Group of Institutes of Navigation
EUR Europe
EURD Experiment for the Detection of the UV Background Radiation (LAEFF, Spain)
EUREF Subcommission for Europe of the IAG Commission X
EUREF European Reference Frame
EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of METeorological SATellites
EUROLAS European Laser Consortium
Euro-SPAN European Space Physics Analysis Network
EUSO Extreme Universe Space Observatory (ESA)
EUVN European Vertical GPS Reference Network
EVA Extravehicular Activity
E-VLBI Electronic Transfer VLBI
EVN European VLBI Network
EVRF European Vertical Reference Frame
EVRS European Vertical Reference System
EW East-West
exc. except
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F F Fahrenheit
F Female
F Fortran
F Forward (sport)
F2F face to face
FAA U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Foundation for the Advancement of Astronomy, Australia
FAG Frequently Asked Questions
FAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services
FAME Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (NASA/USNO)
FAS Federation of American Scientists
FAT File Access Table (File Allocation Table)
FAX Facsimile System
FBI U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBL Fairhead-Bretagnon-Lestrade model of TDB-TDT
FCC U.S. Federal Communications Commission
FCN Free Core Nutation
FDB File Description Block
FDC France Development Council
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI Fiber Distibuted Data Interface
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FDR Foundation for Research Development, South Africa
FDX Full DupleX
Feb February
FedEx Federal Express
FEM Finite Element Method (mathematics)
FEMA U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency
FESG Detlef Angermann Research Facility for Space Geodesy
(Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodaesie), Technical University Munich, Germany
FET Field Effect Transistor
FF French Frank
FFDP Far Field Diffraction Pattern
FFI Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Forsvarets ForskningsInstitutt), Norway
FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
FGCC U.S. Federal Geodetic Control Committee
FGCS Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee, USA
FGI Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki, Finland
FGNP Field Generated Normal Points
FGS Fine Guidance Sensor (HST)
FGS Research Group for Satellite Geodesy (Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodaesie),
Germany (BKG, FESG, DGFI, GIUB)
FHA U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FHWA U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FIB File Identification Block
FICN Free Inner Core Nutation
FIDE International Chess Federation (Federation Internationale de Echecs)
FIF Fractal Image Format
FIFA International Federation of Football Associations
(Federation Internationale de Football Associations)
FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FIFO First-In, First-Out
Fig. Figure
FIG International Federation of Surveyors (Federation Internationale des Geometres)
FINLAS Metsahovi Laser Station, Finland
FIRST Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm
FIS FIFE Information System
FITS Flexible Image Transport System
FK Fundamental Catalog
FL Fixed Laser System
FL Florida
f.l. focal length
Fla. Florida
FLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural science Network
FM Frequency Modulated
FM Frequency Modulation
FNRS Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium
FNW Free Network Analysis (GPS)
FO Fiber Optic
FOC Faint Object Camera (HST)
FOC Fluid Outer Core
FOMI FOMI Satellite Geodetic Observatory, Hungary
FORTRAN FORmula TRANslator
FOT Federal Office of Topography (Bundesamt fuer Landestopographie),
Wabern, Switzerland (the same as BfL, LPT, L+T)
FOT Flight Operations Team
FOV Field of View
FPAG ESA SPC Fundamental Physics Working Group
FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
FPN FootPrint Network
FR Full-Rate
FRA U.S. Federal Railroad Administration
FRCN IUGG Fundamental Reference and Calibration Network
FRD Foundation for Research and Development, South Africa
FRG Federal Republic of Germany
Fri Friday
Frm. Former
FRP Federal Radionavigation Plan, USA
FRS Federal Radionavigation Systems, USA
FS Field System (VLBI)
FSD File System Driver
FSF Free Software Foundation
FSG Forschungsgruppe Satellitengeodeasie, TU Munich, Germany
FSL NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory
FSL/DD NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory Demonstration Division
FSSR Frequency Selective Sub-Reflector
FSU Former Soviet Union
ft. foot, feet
Ft. Fort
FT Fourier Transform
FTBPF Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter
FTLRS French Transportable Laser Ranging System
FTP File Transfer Protocol (Internet)
FTS Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
FUSE NASA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
FV Fixed VLBI System
FW Fire Wall
FW Forward (sport)
FWD Four-Wheel Drive
FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum
# A B
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G
GA General Assembly
GA Georgia
GA Geoscience Australia (former AUSLIG)
GA Goals Against (sport)
GAIA Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics
GALAXY Giga-bit Astronomical Large Array with cross connect, Japan
GALEX NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer
GAMIT Gps At MIT (software)
GARNET GSI Advanced Radiotelescope Net}work, Japan
GAOUA Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
G.A.R Great American Revolution (the War of Independence)
GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station, O'Higgins, Antarctica
GAPE Great Alaska and Pacific VLBI Experiment
GARS German Antarctic Receiving Station
GAS GPS Analysis Software
GASP GPS Atmosphere Sounding Project, Germany
GAST Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GAVRT Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope
GAW Global Atmosphere Watch
Gb Gigabit
GB Gigabyte
GB Good Bye
GB Governing Board
GB Great Britain
GBI NRAO Green Bank Interferometer
Gbps Gigabits per second
GBps Gigabytes per second
GBR GigaBit data Recorder
GBSS Geodetic Base Station Software
GBT NRAO Green Bank Telescope, WV, USA
GC General Catalog
GCDC NASA/GSFC Global Change Data Center
GCGO Gilmore Creek Geophysical Observatory, Fairbanks, AK, USA
GCOS Global Climate Observing System
GCRS Geocentric Celestial Reference System
GCS Ground Control System (GalileoSat)
GCV Green Card Visa Organization, USA
GCVS General Catalog of Variable Stars
GDA Geocentric Datum of Australia
GDC Global Data Center
GDI Graphics Device Interface
GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision (GPS)
GDR Geophysical Data Record
GDR German Democratic Republic
GDRF Galactic Dynamical Reference Frame
GDSCC Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex
GDSN Global Digital Seismograph Network
GE General Electric Co., USA
GEANT Development of the Network Infrastructure for pan-European Research
GEDEX GEodetic Demonstration EXperiment (HALCA mission)
GEMSTONE GEodetic Measurements by the collocation of Space Techniques ON Earth
GENI Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit)
Geod. Geodesy
GeoDAF Geodetical Data Archive Facility, Matera, Italy
GeodIS Geodetic Information System, Germany
GEODSS Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep-Space Surveillance, USA
Geodyn. Geodynamics
GEONET Geodynamic GPS Networks
GEONET GPS Earth Observation Network, Japan
Geoph. Geophysical
Geophys. Geophysical
GEOS Geodetic and Earth Orbiting Satellite
GEOSAT GEOdesy SATellite
Geosci. Geoscience(s)
GES NASA GSFC Earth Sciences
GESS Global Earthquake Satellite System
GEST Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GSFC)
GeTT Geodetic Time Transfer
GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
GEX Gigabit EXperiment (VLBI, Japan)
GF Goals For (sport)
GFE Government Furnished Equipment
GFO GEOSAT Follow-On program
GFP GFZ predicted (orbit)
GFZ GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany
GGAO Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GGF Global Geophysical Fluids
GGFC IERS Global Geophysical Fluids Center
GGP Global Geodynamics Project (Gravity)
GGN Global GPS network
GGP Global Geodynamics Project (Gravity)
GGSS Geodetic and Geophysical Sites Subcommission
GHA Greenwich Hour Angle
GHMA Greek Hellenic Mapping Agency
GI Geological Institute, Russia
GIA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, USA
GIBN Global Interoperability of Broadband Networks
GIBS GPS Information and Observation System, Germany
GICO Giga-bit Correlator
GIF Graphic Image (Interchange) Format (CompuServe)
GIFT Geophysical Information for Teachers
GIFT Gifu University Telescope, Japan
GIG GPS IERS and Geodynamics Experiment
GIGGOS Global Integrated Geodetic and Geodynamic Observing System
GIGO Garbage-In, Garbage-Out
GIGOLO Global Information on Gravity Over Land & Ocean
GIM Global Ionosphere Map (Model)
GIPSY GPS-Inferred Positioning System
GIS Geographic Information System (GeoInformation System)
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
GIUA Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
GIUB Geodetic Institute of the University of Bonn, Germany
GJRO German-Japanese Earth Rotation Observations VLBI campaign
GK GoalKeeper (sport)
GL Geosciences Laboratory
GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
GLI Global Imager
GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System, Russia
GLORIA GLObal Radio Interferometry Analysis (software, OPA)
GLOSS Global Level Of the Sea Surface (Global Sea Level Observing Systems)
GLRS Geodynamics Laser Ranging System
GLRS Geophysical Laser Ranging System
GLTN Goddard Laser Tracking Network, USA
GM Grand Master (chess)
GM Gravity Model
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress & Safety System
GMEM Generalized Maximum Entropy Method
GMOS Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (UKATC/ROE)
GMRT Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope, India
GMST Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time
GMT Generic Mapping Tools (software)
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNAAC IGS Global Network Associate Analysis Center
GNO NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group
GNOG NASA/JPL GPS Networks and Operations Group
GNOS NASA/JPL GPS Network Operating System
GNRT NASA/JPL Generalized Near-Real Time
GNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GNU GNU's Not Unix
GOCE Global Ocean Circulation Explorer (Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer)
GO General Observer programs (SIRTF)
GODAE Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment
GODC NOAA Geosciences Laboratory Operational Data Center
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars
GOOS Global Ocean Observing System
GOPE Geodetic Observatory, Pecny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic
GORF Goddard Optical Research Facility, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GOT General Observing Time (VSOP)
GOTEX Global Orbit Tracking Experiment
GP-B Gravity Probe B satellite
GPF General Protection Fault
GPIB General-Purpose Interface Bus
GPL GNU General Public License
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSDR GPS Demonstration Receiver
GPSIC GPS Industry Council
GPSMET GPS METeorology mission
GPST GPS Time
GRACE NASA Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment
GRAPE GPS Range And Phase Data Processing for the Earth Sciences (software, IAA)
GRAS George R. Agassiz VLBI Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as HRAS)
GRELAS Dionysos Laser Station, Greece
GRDL NOAA Geosciences Research and Development Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA
GRGS Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale, France
GRIM GPS Receiver Interface Module
GRL Geophysical Research Letters (journal)
GROB HP-48sx Graphic Object
GROSS Geodynamics, Rotation of the Earth, Orbit determination Searching Software (IAA)
GRS Geocentric Reference System
GRS Geodetic Reference System
GRSS Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
GRT General Relativity Theory
GRT Ground Radio Telescope
GS General Secretary
GS Geochemical Society
GS Globular Cluster
GS General Schedule (U.S. Federal Wage System)
GSA Geological Society of America
GSAC GPS Seamless Archive Center
GSC Geological Survey of Canada
GSC Guide Star Catalog
GSD NRCan Geodetic Survey Division
GSFC NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GSI Geographical Survey Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
GSN GCOS Surface Network
GSN Global Seismographic Network
GSO GeoStationary Orbit
GSOC German Space Operations Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
GSS Geodetic Survey Squadron
GSSF GalileoSat System Simulation Facility
GST GAIA Science Team
GST Galileo System Time (GalileoSat)
GST Greenwich Sidereal Time
GSTS Global Space telescope Schedule
GTC Gran Telescopio Canarias
GTE General Telephone and Electric, USA
GTO Geostationary Transfer Orbit
GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System
GTSN Global Telemetered Seismograph Network
GUAN GCOS Upper-Air Network
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUID Globally Unique Identifier
GUTS Global and high accUracy Trajectory determination System (software, NASDA)
GVH Geo-VLBI Handler
GVWG Global VLBI Working Group (URSI Commission J)
GVWGTWG GVWG Technical Working Group
GW Gravitational Waves
GWE Gravitational Wave Experiment (Cassini mission)
GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network
GZ GEOZUP Company, Moscow, Russia
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H
H Height
HAARP High frequency Active Auroral Research Program program
HALCA Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy satellite, Japan
HAMK Hispano-Argentinean Meridian Catalogue
HAND Nave A Nice Day
HA-NDGPS High Accuracy - Nationwide Differential GPS, USA
HartRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa
HAVAGO Horizontal and Vertical Adjustment of Geodetic Observations
HBR High Bit Rate
h.c. (lat. honoris causa) by reason of honor
HC House of Commons
HCDN USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network
HCRF Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame
HD Hard Disk
HD Henry Draper catalog
HD High Density
HDAM Hierarchical Direct Access Method
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDF Hubble Deep Field
HDF-S Hubble Deep Field - South
HDJ Hydrographic Department, Japan
HDL Hardware Description Language
HDLC High-level Data Link Control (communication protocol)
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision (GPS)
HDR High-data-rate
HDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
HDT Hawaiian Daylight Time (UTC - 9h)
HDT High Density Tape
HDTV High-Definition TeleVision
HE His/Her Eminence
HE His/Her Excellency
HEASARC GSFC High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center
HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
HEO High Eliptical Orbit
HEPnet High Energy Physics Network
HESSI NASA High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft (now RHESSI)
HET Hobby-Eberly Telescope, McDonald Observatory, TX, USA
HETE NASA High Energy Transient Experiment
HF High Frequency
HFET Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor
HI Hawaii
HIA Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada
HIDAM Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method
HIPPARCOS HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite
HIRAN High Rate Navigation
HIRLAM High Resolution Limited Area Modelling (meteorology)
HISAM Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HL House of Lords
HM His/Her Majesty
HMC Hydrogen Maser Clock
HMNAO Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office, UK
HMF Haystack Mapping Function
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HO MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA
HOLLAS Haleakala Laser Station, Maui, HI, USA
HOPLAS Mount Hopkins Laser Station, Mt. Hopkins, AZ, USA
HOPS Haystack Observatory Postprocessing System
HOW Hand Over World
HP Hewlett Packard
HPC High Performance Computing
HPF High Pass Filter
HPNA Home Phone Network Adapter
HQ Headquarters
HR House of Representatives
HRAO Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, South Africa
HRAS Harvard Radio Astronomy Station, Ft. Davis, TX, USA (the same as GRAS)
HRCC Human Resources Canada Centre
HREF Hypertext Reference
HRF Hitachi Raster Format
HS High School
HSAM Hierarchical Sequential Access Method
HSCSD High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (Internet technology)
HSF Human SpaceFlight
HSI Handmade Software, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
HST Hawaiian Standard Time (UTC - 10h)
HST Hubble Space Telescope
HT HalfTime (sport)
HTC Hydrographic and Topographic Center
HTML HyperText Markup Language
HTSI Honeywell Technology Solutions, Inc., USA
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
H/W Hardware
HWHM Half Width at Half Maximum
HWT Harmonic Wavelet Transform
# A B
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I
I Infrared
IA Iowa
IAA Institute of Applied Astronomy RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia
IAA International Academy of Astronautics
IAAC IGS Ionosphere Associate Analysis Center
IAC Instituto de Astrofisika de Canarias, Spain
IAC International Astronautical Congress
IACC International Advanced Correlator Consortium (VLBI)
IADA Intelligent Assistant for Data Analysis in VLBI (software, DGFI)
IAF International Astronautical Federation
IAG International Association of Geodesy
IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
IAGBN International Absolute Gravity Basestation Network
IAGC International Association of Geophysical Contractors
IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences
IAI Independent Administrative Institute (Japan)
IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation
IALA International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities
IAMAS International Association of Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences
IAPG Institut fuer Astronomische und Physikalische Geodaesie, Germany
IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean
IARAS Institute of Astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia
IAS Institute of Aerospace Science, USA
IASOM Institute for Advanced Searches in Orbital Mechanics, University of Texas,
Austin, TX, USA
IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior
IAT International Atomic Time (Temps Atomique International)
IATA International Air Transport Association
IAU International Astronomical Union
IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior
IB Information Bulletin
IB Inverted Barometer (meteorology)
ibid. (Lat. ibidem) in the same book, journal, etc.
IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia de Estatistica, Brazil
IBM International Business Machines Corp., USA
IBO Inverted Barometric Ocean
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICB Inner Core Boundary
ICBM InterContinental Ballistic Missile
ICC Institut Cartografic de Catalunya, Barselona, Spain
ICC International Criminal Court
ICCD Intensified Charged Coupled Device
ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee for Geodynamics
ICCG Interagency Coordinating Committee on Groundwater
ICCG International Conference on Computer Graphics
ICDP International Continental Scientific Drilling Program
ICE Image Correction and Enhancement
ICESAT Ice, Cloud, & land Elevation SATellite
ICET IAG/ETC International Center for Earth Tides
ICF Integrity Control Facility (GalileoSat)
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICG Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics
ICH I/O Controller Hub
ICHA Inter-Union Commission for History of Astronomy
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICQ I seek you
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRF International (IERS) Celestial Reference Frame
ICRS International (IERS) Celestial Reference System
ICSU International Council for Science
(formerly the International Council of Scientific Unions)
ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics
ICTYC International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
ICW Inner Core Wobble
ID Idaho
ID Identification
IDA International Dark-sky Association
IDA IRIS/SIO International Deployment of Accelerometers
IDDN Integrity Data Dissemination Network (GalileoSat)
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics (the same as ATA)
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IDEAL International Digital Electronic Access Library
IDIQ Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity
IDL Interactive Data Language
IDS International DORIS Service
i.e. (Lat. id est) that is to say
IE Microsoft Internet Explorer
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEC Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IERS International Earth Rotation Service
IESAS Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
IESSG Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, UoN, UK
IF Intermediate Frequency
IfAG Institut fuer Angewandte Geodasie, Frankfurt, Germany (now BKG)
IFC Intel Fortran Compiler
IFC Intensive Field Campaign
IfEN Institut fuer Erdmessung und Navigation
IFF Interchange File Format (Amiga)
IFMP NASA Integrated Financial Management Program
IFN French Institute of Navigation (Institut Francais de Navigation)
IFOV Instantaneous Field-of-View
IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche et d'Exploitation de la MER
IFRTP Institut Francais pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaire
IFS Installable File System Manager
IGARSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Program
IGEB Interagency GPS Executive Board
IGEX International GLONASS EXperiment
IGFN Italian GPS Fiducial Network
IGG Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, VUT, Vienna, Austria
IGGA Institute of Geodesy and Geodetical Astronomy, WUT, Poland
IGGC International Gravity and Geoid Commission
IGGOS Integrated Global Geodetic Observing System
IGiK Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Poland
IGLOS International GLONASS Service
IGM Instituto Geografico Militar, Chile
IGM Instituto Geografico Militare, Italy
IGN National Geographical Institute (Institut Geographique National), Paris, France
IGN National Geographical Institute (Instituto Geografico Nacional), Spain
IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, New Zealand
IGOS Integrated Global Observing Strategy
IGOS-P Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership
IGP IGS predicted (orbit, ERP)
IGPP Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, La Jolla, CA, USA
IGR IGS rapid (orbit, ERP)
IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Frame
IGS International GPS Service
IGSCB IGS Central Bureau
IGSO International Geodetic Students Organization
IGU International Geographical Union
IGY International Geophysical Year
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IID Interface Identifier
IIN Italian Institute of Navigation (Instituto Italiano di Navigazione)
IIS Internet Information Server
IISC Indian Institute of Science, Center for Mathematical Modeling
and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India
IISC CGSIC International Information Sub-Committee
IISL International Institute of Space Law
IL Illinois
ILA International Loran Association
ILBM InterLeaved BitMap
Ill. Illinois
ILOM International Latitude Observatory Mizusawa, Japan (now NAOMZ)
ILOM In-situ Lunar Orientation Measurement (SELENE2)
ILP International Lithosphere Program
ILRS International Laser Ranging Service
ILS International Latitude Service
IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration satellite
IMCCE Institut de Mecanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides, OPA, France
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMF Isobaric Mapping Function
IMFh Isobaric Mapping Function, hydrostatic component
IMFw Isobaric Mapping Function, wet component
IMHO Internet Media HOuse Russia
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMS Information Management System
IMS Integrity Monitoring Station (GalileoSat)
IMVP Institute of Metrology for Time and Space, Moscow, Russia
IN Indiana
INASAN Institute of Astronomy RAS, Moscow, Russia
Inc. Incorporated
Ind. Indiana
INDIS Information Dissemination in European RTD
INE Spain Institute of Navigation (Instituto de Navegation de Espana)
INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica, Mexico
Inf. Information
INGEOMINAS National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia
INGM National Institute in Geosciences, Mining and Chemistry, Colombia
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
I-NMF Integrity Network Management Facility (GalileoSat)
INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil
INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research, University of London, UK
INS U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
INS Inertial Navigation System
Ins. Inspector
INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Toulouse, France
INSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Insp. Inspector
Int. International
INT Isaac Newton Telescope
INTA National Institute for Aerospace Technology
(Instituto Nacional de Technica Aeroespacial), Spain
INTAS International Association for the promotion of cooperation with scientists
from the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union
INTEGRAL International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (LAEFF, Spain)
INTELSAT INTernational TELecommunication SATellite
Intern. International
Intl. International
I/O Input/Output
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
IOC International Olympic Committee
IOM Institute of Medicine, USA
ION Institute of Navigation, USA
ION-CH Swiss Institute of Navigation
IONEX Ionospheric Map Exchange format
IOS I/O Supervisor
IOTA Infrared Optical Telescope Array
IOTA International Occultation Timing Association
IOV In-Orbit Validation
IP Internet Protocol
IPA International Police Academy
IPAC NASA Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
IPC International Paralympic Committee
IPF Integrity Processing Facility (GalileoSat)
IPGP Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
IPIE Institute for Precision Instrument Engineering, Moscow, Russia
IPMS International Polar Motion Service
I-PNNI Integrated Private Network-to-Network Interface
IPO Integrated Program Office
IPR Instantaneous Pole of Rotation
IPRG Institute for Petroleum Research and Geophysics, Israel
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
IPWV Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor
IQ Intelligence quotient
i.q. (Lat. idem quod) the same as
IR Infra-Red
IRA Institute of Radio Astronomy (Istituto di Radioastronomia), Bologna, Italy
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRAC Infrared Array Camera (SIRTF)
IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (software)
IRAS IPAC Infrared Astronomical Satellite
IRC International Research Council (later ICSU, ICS)
IRE Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, India
IRFC IGS Reference Frame Coordinator
IRI International Reference Ionosphere
IRIS Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, USA
IRIS International Radio Interferometric Surveying
IRIS-A International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Atlantic
IRIS-P International Radio Interferometric Surveying - Pacific
IRIS-S International Radio Interferometric Surveying - South
IRM IERS Reference Meridian
IRP IERS Reference Pole
IRQ Interrupt Request
IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRS InfraRed Spectrograph (SIRTF)
IRS U.S. Internal Revenue Service
IRS International Reference Stars
IRSA IPAC Infrared Science Archives
IRV Inter-Range Vector
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISAM Indexed Sequential Access Method
ISAPI Internet Server API
ISAR Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
ISAS Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan
ISBN International Standard Book Number
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISES International Space Environment Service
ISGN International Space Geodetic Network
ISIR International Space Industry Report
ISIT Institute of Systems & Information Technologies, Japan
ISIT Intensified SIT
ISL Initial System Loader
ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
ISM Interstellar Medium
ISMB Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology
ISO IPAC Infrared Space Observatory
ISO International Standards Organization
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISR Institute for Space Research, Austria
ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
ISRO Institute for Space Research Observatory, Graz, Austria
ISS International Space Station
ISS InterStellar Scintillation
ISSN International Standard Serial Number
ISTP International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program
ISTRAC ISRO Telemetry tracking and Command Network
ISTS Institute of Space and Terrestrial Sciences, Canada
ISU International Skating Union
ISU International System of Units
ISYA International School for Young Astronomers
IT Income Tax
IT Information Technology
ITIS Institute of Information and Technology for Space
(Istituto di Tecnologia Informatica Spaziale), Matera, Italy
ITM International Mobile Telecommunication
ITRF International (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame
ITRS International (IERS) Terrestrial Reference System
ITS Incompatible Timesharing System
ITS Intelligent Transportation System program, USA
ITSA Intelligent Transportation System of America, USA
ITSS Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, USA
ITT Invitation-to-Tender
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Bureau
IUCAF Inter-Union Commission on the Allocation of Frequencies for radio Astronomy
and Space Science
IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
IUHPS International Union for History and Philosophy of Science
IULS Integrity Uplink Station (GalileoSat)
IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
IUSM International Union for Surveys and Mapping
IVN International VLBI Network
IVP Invariant point
IVR Interactive Voice Response
IVS International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry
IVTAN Institute for High Temperature of the Russian Academy of Sciences
IWV Integrated amount of Water Vapor (meteorology)
IXE IP to X.25 Encapsulation
# A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
J
J Julian epoch (astronomy)
J. Journal
J. Jupiter
J2ME Java-2 Micro Edition
JAC Joint Astronomy Centre, Hawaii
JACARA Joint Australian Centre for Astrophysical Research in Antartica
JACH Joint Astronomy Centre Hilo, HI, USA
JADE Japanese Dynamic Earth observation by VLBI
JAL Japan AirLines
JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
Jan January
JAnet Joint Academic Network, UK
JARE Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition
JAS Japan Air System
JBO Jodrell Bank Observatory, UK
JCET NASA/GSFC Joint Center for Earth System Technology
JCL Job Control Language
JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
JCR BIPM/IAU Join Committee on Relativity
JD Joint Discussion
JD Julian Date
JDK Java Development Kits
JEA Environmental Agency of Japan
JEG Jananeese Experiments for Geodesy
JENAM Joint European and National Astronomy Meeting
JERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite
JGD Japan Geodetic Datum
JGM Joint Gravity Model
JGR Journal of Geophysical Research
JHD Japan Hydrographic Department
JIF Joint Infrastructure Fund, UK
JILA Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, USA
JIN Japan Institute of Navigation
JIPE Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russia
JISTEC Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center
JIT Just-In-Time (computing)
JIVE Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, the Netherlands
JKT Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, La Palma, Spain
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
JMU Liverpool John Moores University, UK
JNET Japanese Domestic Astronomical VLBI Network
JHU APL John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, USA
JOTA Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications
Jour. Journal
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group's graphics file format
JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group's graphics file format
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
JPO Joint Program Office (GPS)
JPP NASA/JPL predicted (orbit)
JPS Javad Positioning Systems
Jr. Junior
JRTF NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
JSC NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
JSC Joint Scientific Committee
JSC Joint Stock Company
JSP Joint Seismic Program, USA
JST Japan Standard Time (UTC + 9h)
JTK Java Tool Kit
JTRA Jodrell Bank Training Site for Radio Astronomy
Jul July
Jun June
JUnet Japanese University Network
JVAS Jodrell Bank-VLA Astrometric Survey
Jy Jansky
# A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
K
K Kelvin
K Kilobyte
K King (chess)
KACST King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Kans. Kansas
KAO Korea Astronomy Observatory, Taejon, Korea
KAO NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory
KAO Kunming Astronomical Observatory CAS, China
KAPIS Kluwer Academic Publishers Information Service
Kb Kilobit
KB Kilobyte
KBD Keyboard
KBO Kuiper Belt Object
Kbps Kilobits per second
KBps Kilobytes per second
KBS Knowledge-Based System (VLBI sowtware, DGFI)
K.C. King's Counsel (UK)
Ken. Kentucky
KGB USSR Committee of State Security (Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti)
KGN Korea GPS Network
KGRS Kinematically nonrotating Geocentric Reference System
KIN Korean Institute of Navigation
KISS Keep It Simple, Stupid (principle)
KKK Ku Klux Klan
kmph kilometers per hour
KMS National Survey and Cadastre (Kort & Matriklstyrelsen), Denmark
kn. knot (nautical)
KOOLAS Kootwijk Laser Station, the Netherlands
KPGO Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, HI, USA
KPNO Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
KS Kansas
KSAM Keyed Sequential Access Method
KSC NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
KSP Keystone Project, Japan
KSRC CRL Kashima Space Research Center, Kashima, Japan
kt. knot (nautical)
KVN Korean VLBI Network
KY Kentucky (not the jelly)
# A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
L
L Large
L Losses (sport)
LA Long Arc
LA Louisiana
LA Los Angeles
LAAS Local Area Augmentation System (GPS)
Lab Laboratory
LAC Local Advisory Committee
LAC Local Analysis Center (IGS/EPN)
LAEFF Laboratory for Space Astrophysics and Theoretical Physics, Spain
LAGEOS LAser GEOdynamics Satellite
LAGOS Laser Gravitational-wave Observatory in Space
LAMOST Large sky Area Multi-Objects fiber Spectrum Telescope project (China)
LAN Local Area Network
LANE LAN Emulator
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
LAP Link Access Procedure (X.25 level 2 protocol)
LAPB Link Access Procedure_Balanced (X.25 level 2 protocol)
LARC Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
LAREG IGN LAboratoire de REcherches en Geodesie, Paris, France
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASSO Laser Synchronization from Stationary Orbit
Lat. Latin
Lat. Latitude
lb. (Lat. libra) pound
LBA Long Baseline Array, Australia
LCD Liquid-Crystal Diode
LCD Liquid-Crystal Display
LCP Left Circular Polarization
Ld. Limited (company)
LDC Local Data Center (IGS/EPN)
LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
LDM Local Data Manager
LED Laser Earth Dynamics experiment
LED Light Emitting Diode
LEGRI Low Energy Gamma Ray Imager (LAEFF, Spain)
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LEO Low-Earth Orbiter
LeRC NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Lett. Letters
LF Line Feed
LF Low Frequency
LFU Least Frequency Used
LFVN Low Frequency VLBI Network
LGDO Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
LGM Last Glacial Maximum
LGN Local Geodetic Network
LHCP Left-Hand Circular Polarization
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
LIFO Last-In, First-Out
LINEAR Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research (MIT)
LINZ Land Information of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
LIS Land Information System
LISP LISt Processing
LJ LaserJet printer
LLC Logical Link Control (X.25 level 2 protocol)
LLR Lunar Laser Ranging
LMSA Large Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Array, Japan
LN Local Network
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LNAAC Local Network Associate Analysis Center
LO Local Oscillator
LOC Local Organizing Committee
LOD Length of Day
LODR Length of Day Regularized
LOI Letter of Intent
Lon. Longitude
Long. Longitude
LONEOS Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search
LORAN LOng RAnge Navigation
LP Lunar Prospector mission (Japan)
LPAC Astronomical Council of USSR
LPI Lebedev Physical Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
lpi lines per inch
LPSC Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
LPT Line Printer
LPT Federal Office of Topography (Bundesamt fuer Landestopographie),
Wabern, Switzerland (the same as BfL, FOT, L+T)
LR Laser Ranging
LR Laser Reflector
LRA Laser Retroreflector Array
LRDS Low-Resolution DRAO Survey of HI Emission from the Galactic Plane (DRAO)
LRE Laser Ranging Equipment
LRRA Lunar RetroReflector Array
LS Least Squares
LSB Lower SideBand
LSC Least Square Collocation
LSI Large Scale Integration (electronics)
LSIR Least Square Instantaneous Resolution filter
LST Local Sidereal Time
Lt. Lieutenant
LT Local Time
L+T Federal Office of Topography (Bundesamt fuer Landestopographie),
Switzerland (the same as BfL, FOT, LPT)
Ltd. Limited (company)
LTP NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics
LTO Linear Tape-Open
LURE LUnar Ranging Experiment
LV Launch Vehicle
LVDS Low-Voltage Differential Signal
LZ Lempel-Ziv coding (programming)
# A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
M
M Mach number (speed ratio to speed of sound)
M Male
M. Mars
M. Master (Magister)
M Megabyte
M Midfield (sport)
MA Massachusetts
MA (Lat. Magister Artium) Master of Arts
MAA Mathematical Association of America, USA
Mac Macintosh
MAC Master Astrometic Catalog
MAC Merdian Axial Circle, Kiev, Ukraine
MACLAS McDonald Laser Station
MAG Millimetre Astronomy Group (HIA)
Maj. Major
MAO Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
MAP Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite
MAPI Messaging API
Mar March
mas milliarcseconds
MAS MODIS Airborne Simulator (modified Daedalus multispectral scanner)
MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Mass. Massachusetts
MASTER MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (multispectral imaging scanner)
Math. Mathematical
Math. Mathematics
MATLAS Matera Laser Station, Italy
MAU Media Attachment Unit
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
MB Motherboard (computing)
MBA Master of Business Administration
MBC Middle-east Broadcasting Center
MBCS Multi-Byte Character Set
MBD MultiBand Delay (VLBI)
Mbps Megabits per second
MBps Megabytes per second
MCA Micro Channel Architecture
MCC Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp., Austin, TX, USA
MCC Mission Control Center, Korolyov, Russia
MCDA Microsoft Certified Database Administrator
MCEP Mean Celestial Ephemeris Pole
MCH Memory Controller Hub
MCI Media Control Interface
MCP MicroChannel Plate
MCP Microsoft Certified Professional
MCS GPS Master Control Station
MCSA Microsoft Certified System Administrator
MCSD Microsoft Certified Solution Developer
MCSE Microsoft Certified System Engineer
MCT Microsoft Certified Trainer
MCV Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable (astronomy)
M.D. Medicine Doctor
MD Make Directory
MD Maryland
MDCE Maritime Development Center of Europe
MDI McDonnell Douglas, Inc., USA
MDSCC NASA Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex, Spain
MDT Mountain Daylight Time (UTC - 6h)
ME Maine
Me. Mercury
ME Multi Edit (text editor)
Mech. Mechanics
MEDLAS Mediterranean Laser Campaign
MEDOC Motion of the Earth by Doppler Observing Campaign
MEIPS Mind Enterprise IP System
MEM Maximum Entropy Method
MEO Medium Earth Orbit (Middle Earth Orbit)
MEOLUT MEO Local User Terminal (GalileoSat)
MER NASA Mars Exploration Rover mission.
MERIS MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MERIT Monitoring of Earth Rotation and Inter-comparison of Techniques
MERLIN JBO Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network, UK
MET Middle-European Time (UTC + 1h)
MET Mission Elapsed Time
METDST Middle-European Daylight Time (UTC + 2h)
Meteor. Meteorology
Meteorol. Meteorology
MF MainFrame
MF Medium Frequency
MF MidField (sport)
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFEnet Magnetic Fusion Energy Network
MGGF Monitoring Global Geophysical Fluids
MGS Mars Global Surveyor mission (USA)
Mgr Manager
MHPCC Maui High Performance Computing Center
MI Michigan
MICA USNO Multiyear Interactive Computer Almanac
Mich. Michigan
MIDAS Munich Image Data Analysis System
MIDEX NASA Medium-Class Explorer program.
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MILnet Defense data network
MINQE Minimum Invariant Quadratic Estimate
Minn. Minnesota
MIPAS Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding
MIPS Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF
Miss. Mississippi
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
MITES Miniature Interferometer Terminals for Earth Survey
MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan
MITNRC MIT Near Real Time Correlator
MJD Modified Julian Date
mk mark
ML Mobile Laser system
ML Maximum Likelihood
MLA Messenger Laser Altimeter
MLM Maximum Likelihood Method
MLRO Matera Laser Ranging Observatory, Italy
MLRS McDonald Laser Ranging System, Ft. Davis, TX, USA
MM Mesoscale Model (meteorology)
MM MultiMedia
MMF MIT Mapping Function
MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
MMS Multimedia Messages Service
MMT Multiply Mirror Telescope
MN Minnesota
MNRAS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (journal)
MNRF Major National Research Facilities program, Australia
MO Magneto-Optics
MO Manila Observatory, Philippines
MO Medical Officer
MO Missouri
m.o modus operandi
m/o money order
MO money order
MOA Mount Observer Automation
MOBLAS NASA MOBile LAser ranging System
MOC Microsoft Official Curriculum
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOLA Mars Orbiter Lander Altimeter (MGS mission)
MOM Mobile Optical Mount
Mon Monday
Mon. Monthly
Mont. Montana
MOS Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
MOSAIC MObile System for Accurate ICBM Control (radionavigation system), USA
MOST Korea Ministry Of Science and Technology
MOTS Mostly Off The Shelf
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MOUS Microsoft Office User Specialist
MNS Metal-Nitride-Semiconductor
MP Member of Parliament
MP Military Police
MPI Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn, Germany
MPIfR Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy, Bonn, Germany
MPC IAU Minor Planet Center
MPC Minor Planet Circular
MPCAC IAU Minor Planet Center Advisory Committee
MPEC Minor Planet Electronic Circular
MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group
mph miles per hour
MPS Minor Planet Circular Supplement
Mr. Mister
MRI Meteorological Research Institute, Japan
MRAO Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Lord's Bridge, Cambridge, UK
MRF Medium-range Forecast (meteorology)
Mrs. Mistress
M.S. Master (Magister) of Science
Ms Megasamples
MS Microsoft
MS MicroStar International
Ms. Miss + Mistress
MS Mississippi
M.S. Morning Star (newspaper)
MSA Mineralogical Society of America
MSD Moscow Daylight Time (UTC + 4h)
MSDE Microsoft Database Engine
MSDN Microsoft Developers Network
MSOI Modified Southern Oscillation Index (meteorology)
MSF Microsoft Solutions Framework
MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
MSG Meteosat Second Generation
MSI Microsoft Installer
MSK Moscow Time (UTC + 3h)
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSN MicroSoft Network
MSO Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Canberra, NSW, Australia
MSODP Multi-Satellite Orbit Determination Program (CSR software)
MSP MicroSoft Paint (graphic file format)
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
MSSSO Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Canberra, NSW, Australia
MST U.S. Mountain Standard Time (UTC - 7h)
MSTI Miniature Seeker Technology Integration
MSU Moscow State University, Russia
MSX IPAC Midcourse Space Experimen
MT Montana
Mt. Mount (Mountain)
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTF Modulation Transfer Function
MTLRS Modular Transportable Laser Ranging System (IfAG, TUD)
MTP Masters Training Package
MTP Microwave Temperature Profiler
MTPE Mission to Planet Earth, USA
MV Mobile VLBI system
MVL Multi-media Virtual Laboratory
MVP Most Valuable Player
MW MicroWave
MWG ILRS Mission Working Group
MWO Maunt Wilson Observatory, USA
MWR MicroWave Radiometer
# A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
N
N Knight (chess)
N. Neptune
N North
n. Noun
N/A Not Applicable
N/A Not Assigned
N/A Not Available
NAC UWS Nepean Astronomy Centre, Australia
NAD North American Datum
NAE National Academy of Engineering (USA)
NAFF Numerical Analysis of Fundamental Frequencies
NAFTA North American Free-Trade Agreement
NAG Naval Astronautics Group, Point Mugu, CA, USA
NAG Numerical Algorithms Group
NAGU Notice Advisory to GLONASS Users
NAIS NASA Acquisition Internet Service
NAL National Aerospace Laboratory, Japan
NANU Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR Users
NAO National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, China
NAO National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan
NAO National Astronomical Observatory, Spain
NAO Nautical Almanac Office
NAOCO NAO New Advanced One unit COrrelator, Japan
NAOJ National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan
NAOMZ National Astronomical Observatory, Mizusawa Branch, Japan (former ILOM)
NAS National Academy of Sciences, USA
NAS Newcastle Astronomical Society, Australia
NASA U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCAR National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing
NASCOM NASA COMmunications Network
NASDA NAtional Space Development Agency, Japan
NASM National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC, USA
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAV Norton AntiVirus
NAVCEN USCG Navigation Center
NAVEX NAVNET Experiment
NAVNET U.S. Navy VLBI Network
NAVSTAR NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging (Navigation System Timing and Ranging,
Navigation System with Time and Ranging)
NB (Lat. nota bene) take notice
NB New Brunswick (Canadian province)
NBA National Basketball Association, USA
NBA National Boxing Association, USA
NBC National Broadcasting Company, USA
NBMG Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, NV, USA
NBS National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, USA
NBSM National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China
NC North Carolina
NC Norton Commander
NCA National Committee for Astronomy, Australia
NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association, USA
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA
NCBB Networking and Communications Building Blocks
NCC National Cartographic Center, Iran
NCC GFZ Network Control Center, Potsdam, Germany
NCDC National Climatic Data Center, USA
NCEDC Northern California Earthquake Data Center, CA, USA
NCEP U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction, formerly NMC
NCL University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
NCMN NGS National Crustal Motion Network, USA
NCPS VA National Center for Patient Safety, USA
NCRA National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, India
NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, UIUC, IL, USA
ND Near Diurnal
ND North Dakota
N.Dak. North Dakota
NDBC NOAA National Data Buoy Center
NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System, USA
NDGW Near Diurnal Free Wobble
NDIS Network Driver (Device) Interface Specification
NE Nebraska
NE ILRS Networks and Engineering working group
NE Northeast
NEA Near Earth Asteroid(s)
NEAP Near Earth Asteroid Prospector
NEAR Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
NEAT Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (JPL)
Nebr. Nebraska
NEC Nippon Electric Company, Japan
NED NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
NEDA RUSEG Northern Eurasia Deformation Array
NEIDS Non-European Integrity Determination System (GalileoSat)
NELS Northwest European Loran-C System
NEO Near Earth Objects
NEO Near Earth Orbit
NEON National Ecological Observatory Network, USA
NEON Network of European Observatories in the North
NEOS U.S. National Earth Orientation Service
NEP Noise Equivalent Power
NEQ Normal EQuation
NERC Natural Environment Research Council, UK
NEROC North-East Radio Observatory Corporation, USA
NESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service, USA
NESTA National Earth Science Teachers Association, Washington, DC, USA
Nev. Nevada
NEWG ILRS Networks and Engineering Working Group
NFK Neue FundamentalKatalog
NFRA the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy
NFS Network File System (Internet)
NFS Networked File System (UNIX file system)
NFSS New Font Selection Scheme (LaTeX)
NGC New General Catalog
NGI National Geography Institute, South Korea
NGI Next Generation Internet
NGO Non-Government Organization
NGRI National Geographical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
NGRS National Geodetic Reference System
NGS U.S. National Geodetic Survey
NGST Next Generation Space Telescope
NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum
NH New Hampshire
NHL National Hockey League, USA
NIAC NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, USA
NIB Non-Inverted Barometer (meteorology)
NIBO Non-Inverted Barometric Ocean
NIC NASA/GSFC Network Information Center
NICMOS Near Infrared camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (HST)
NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
NIMA U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency
NIN Netherlands Institute of Navigation (Nederlands Instituut voor Navigatie)
NIPR National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
NIPRNET Non-Classified IP Router Network
NIRS Northern International Reference Stars
NIS New Independent States (of FSU)
NISN NASA Integrated Services Network
NIST National Institute of Standards & Technology, USA
NJ New Jersey
NKG Nordic Geodetic Commission
NLES Navigation Local EGNOS Station
NLH Agricultural University of Norway
NLLS Non-Linear Least Squares
NLRS Natmap Laser Ranging System, Orroral, Australia
NLS National Land Survey of Sweden
NLT Not Later Than
NM New Mexico
NMA Nobeyama Millimeter Array, Japan
NMA Norwegian Mapping Authority
NMC U.S.National Meteorological Center, now NCEP
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association
N.Mex. New Mexico
NMF Niell Mapping Function
NMFh Niell Mapping Function, hydrostatic component
NMFw Niell Mapping Function, wet component
NMI Nobeyama Millimeter Interferometer, Japan
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NMS NetWare Management System (Novell)
NMS NGST Mission Stimulator
NNE North-Northeast
NNF Nordic Institute of Navigation (Nordisk Navigasjonsforum)
NNI Network-to-Network Interface
NNSS U.S. Navy Navigation Satellite System (TRANSIT)
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol (Internet)
NNW North-Northwest
No. Number
NOAA U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
NOC National Olympic Committee
NOC National Organizing Committee
NOGAPS U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction Center
NOI Notice of Intent
NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command, USA
NOS National Ocean Survey
Not. Noties
Nov November
NOVAS Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Subroutines
NP Network Provider
NP Normal Point
NPACI National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, USA
NPL National Physical Laboratory, India
NPM Northern Proper Motion program (Lick observatory)
NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, USA
NPOI Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (USNO)
NPP NPOESS Preparatory Project spacecraft.
NPTC Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, USA
NR Numerical Recipes (software)
NRA NASA Research Announcement
NRAL Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, UK
NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USA
NRC National Research Council, Canada
NRC National Research Council, USA
NRCan Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, formerly EMR
NRF National Research Foundation, South Africa
NRIAG National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Egypt
NRL Naval Research Laboratory, USA
NRO Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Japan
NRO Non-Rotating Origin
NRSM Nobeyama Radio Seeing Monitor, Japan
NRT Near Real Time
NS North-South
NSA U.S. National Security Agency
NSAS Northern Sydney Astronomical Society, Australia
NSCC Navigation System Control Center (GalileoSat)
NSD National Space Development Agency, Japan
NSDC IAU/BDL Natural Satellites Data Center
NSDB NSDC Natural Satellites Data Base
NSF National Science Foundation, USA
NSF National Science Fund, Bulgaria
NSFnet NSF Network
NSI NASA (Network) Science Internet
NSI National Statistical Institute, Bulgaria
NSIC National Storage Industry Consortium, USA
NSI-DECnet NSI DECnet Protocol
NSI-TCP/IP NSI TCP/IP Protocol
NSIPP NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project
NSN NASA Science Network
NSP Navigation Signal Processor (GalileoSat)
NSRS National Spatial Reference System, USA
NSSA National Space Society of Australia
NSSDC NASA/GSFC National Space Science Data Center
NSSTC National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
NSW New South Wales, Australia
NSWC U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center
NT Network Termination
NTC National Textbook Company, USA
NTF National Tidal Facility, Australia
NTFS New Technology File System
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration, USA
NTN National Test Network, Canada (communication network)
NTP Network Time Protocol
NTS Navigation Technology Satellite, USA
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board, USA
NTSC U.S. National Television Standard Committee
NTT New Technology Telescope, Chile
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp., Tokio, Japan
NTT Com NTT Communications Corp., Japan
NTU Nanyang Technical University, Singapore
NTUA National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Numer. Numerical
NUVEL Northwestern University Velocity Model
NUVEL-NNR Northwestern University Velocity Model, No Net Rotation
NV Nevada
NVO National Virtual Observatory, USA
NVP National Vacation Promotions, USA
NVSS VLA Sky Survey (NRAO)
NW Northwest
NWP Numerical Weather Prediction
NWRA NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., USA
NWS U.S. National Weather Service
NY New York
NYC New York City
NZ New Zealand
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O. Ohio
OA Optical Astrometry
OAB Bologna Astronomical Observatory (Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna), Italy
OACT Observatorio Astronomico di Collurania - Teramo, Teramo, Italy
OAM Ocean Angular Momentum
OAN National Astronomical Observatory (Observatorio Astronomico Nacional), Spain
OAO Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
OAR NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research
OAS Organization of American States
OASIS Orbit Analysis and Simulation Software
O.B.E. Order of the British Empire
O-C Observed minus Computed
Obs. Observatory
OCA Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
OCR Optical Character Reader (Recognition)
OCS Operational Control System
Oct October
o.d. on demand
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
ODC IGS Operational Data Center
ODI Open Datalink Interface
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OES NASA Office of Earth Science
OGCM Ocean Global Circulation Model
OH Ohio
OHP Ocean Hemisphere Project, Japan
OK Oklahoma
Okla. Oklahoma
OL Ocean Loading
OLE Object Linking and Embedding
OLG Observatory Lustbuehel Graz, Austria
OLIVE Optically LInked VLBI Experiment
OLR Outgoing Longwave Radiation (meteorology)
OMC Observed Minus Computed
ONP On-site Normal Point
ONR Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA
OO Object-Oriented (programming)
OOA Object-Oriented Analysis (programming)
OOD Object-Oriented Design (programming)
OOPC Ocean Observations Panel for Climate
OPA Paris Observatory (Observatoire de Paris), France
OPAR Paris Observatory (Observatoire de Paris), France
OPC IVS Observing Program Committee
OPC OLE for Process Control (protocol)
OPD Observatorio do Pico dos Dias, Brazil
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPI Option Programming Interface
OPM U. S. Office of Personnel Management
Opt. Optics
OPUS NGS/NOAA Online Positioning User Service, USA
OR Oregon
ORD GPS Operational Requirements Document
Ore. Oregon
OREGIN Organization of European GNSS equipment and service Industries
ORI Ocean Research Institute, Tokio University, Japan
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
ORRLAS Orroral Laser Station, Australia
ORT Ooty Radio Telescope, India
ORT Optical Ranging Telescope
OS Operating System
OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation, USA
OSF Open Software Foundation
OSGB Ordinance Survey of Great Britain
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSM On-Screen Manager
OSO Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
OSPF Orbitography and Synchronization Processing Facility (GalileoSat)
OSRT Ooty Synthesis Radio telescope, India
OSS Orbitography and Synchronization Station (GalileoSat)
OST U.S. Office of the Secretary of Transportation
OSTA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications
OSTC Federal office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, Belgium
OT Overtime (sport)
OTAGO University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
OtF On-the-Fly
OTF Optical Transfer Function
OTTER NASA Oregon, Transect Ecosystem Research Project
OUAT Olsztyn Univercity of Agriculture and Technology, Poland
OVLBI Orbiting VLBI, Green Bank, WV, USA
OVN Austrian Institute of Navigation (Osterreichischer Verein fur Navigation)
OVRO Owens Valley Radio Observatory, CA, USA
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P
p. page
P Pawn (chess)
P Penalty (sport)
P Pluto
P3P Platform for Privacy Preference
PA Pennsylvania
p.a. (Lat. per annum) per year
PA Photoelectric Astrolabe
PA Points Against (sport)
PAA Phase Array Antenna
PAD Packet Assembler-Disassembler
PAFB Patrick Air Force Base, USA
PAGEOS PAssive Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite
PAK Product Authorization Key
PAL Phase Alternation Line (TV)
PAN Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk)
PANGA Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array, USA
PARSEC Programmable Automatic Radial-Scanner Coordinatometer
PAS Polish Academy of Sciences
PASA Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
PASP Publications of the ASP
PASSCAL Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere, USA
PBMR Push-Broom Microwave Radiometer
pc parsec
PC IERS Product Center
PC Personal Computer
PC Physical Contact (connector)
PC Program Committee
PCal Phase Calibration (VLBI)
PCCIP President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, USA
PCE Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (journal)
PCFS PC Field System (VLBI)
PCGIAP UN Permanent Committee for Geographic Information systems
Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCL HP Printer Command Language
PCM Pulse-Code-Modulated
PCS Portable Calibration Standard (SLR)
pct. percent
PCU Power Control Unit
PCV Phase Center Variation
PCX PC Paintbrush
PD Photodiode
PD Police Department
PDA Personal Digital Assistant (hand-held computer)
PDC Primary Domain Controller
PDF Portable Document Format
PDL Perl Data Language
PDL Program Design Language
PDOP Position Dilution of Precision (GPS)
PDP Programable Data Processor
PDS Planetary Data System
PDT U.S. Pacific Daylight Time (UTC - 7h)
PECASE Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers (USA)
PEKA Tide gauges and Caucasus (PEgel and KAukasus)
Penn. Pennsylvania
Penna. Pennsylvania
PEP Planetary Ephemeris Program
PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique
PF Points For (sport)
PFCN Prograde Free Core Nutation
PG Program Group
PGA Professional Golfers' Association
PGA Professional Graphics Adapter
PGC NRCan Pacific Geoscience Centre, Canada
PGC Preliminary General Catalog
PGF Pacific GPS Facility, Hawaii
PGF Peter Gruber Foundation
PGGA Permanent GPS Geodetic Array, Southern California, CA, USA
pH potential of hydrogen
PHA Potentially Hazardous Asteroids
Ph.D. (Lat. Philosophiae Doctor) Doctor of Philosophy
Phil. Philosophy
Phys. Physical
Phys. Physics
PI Principal Investigator
PIF Program Information File
PIVEX Platform Independent VLBI Exchange format
PKI Public Key Infrastructure (cryptography)
pkwy Parkway
pky Parkway
PL Phillips Laboratory, USA
Pl. Place
pl. Plurar
PL/1 Programming Language 1
PLA Programmable Logic Array
PLDS Pilot Land Data System
PLM Payload Module
PL/M Programming Language for Microprocessors
PLO Palestine Liberation Organization
PLP Packet Layer Protocol (X.25 level 3 protocol)
PM Phase Modulation
PM Polar Motion
p.m. (Lat. post meridiem) after noon
PM Prime Minister
PMC Photoelectric Meridian Circle
PMFS Proper Motions of Fundamental Stars catalog
PMN Parkes-MIT-NRAO (catalog)
PMO Purple Mountain Observatory, China
PMS Pre-Menstrual Syndrome
PMT Photo Multiplier Tube
PMT Pulkovo Meridian Telescope
PM-X X-coordinate of Polar Motion
PM-Y Y-coordinate of Polar Motion
PN Planetary Nebulae
PN Post-Newtonian
PN Pseudo Noise
PNA Post-Newtonian Approximation
PNG Portable Network Graphics
PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface
PnP Plug and Play
P.O. Post Office
p.o.d. pay on delivery
POD Precise Orbit Determination
POE Precise Orbit Ephemerides
POES NOAA Polar-Orbiting Environmental System
POINTS Precision Optical INTerferometer in Space
POL Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, UK
POLAC Paris Observatory Lunar Analysis Center
POLARIS POLar motion Analysis by Radio Interferometric Surveying
POP3 Post Office Protocol (Internet)
POS Portable Operating System
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX
pp. pages
PP Pilot Project
PP Power Play (ice hockey)
ppb parts-per-billion, 10^-9
PPGN Primary Precise Geodetic Network, Japan
ppm parts-per-million, 10^-6
PPM Positions and Proper Motions catalog
PPME Pacific Plate Motion Experiment
PPN Post-Post-Newtonian
PPN Parametrized Post-Newtonian
PPOSS Physical Parameters of Solar System Objects
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPP Public Private Partnership
PPS. (Lat. Post postscriptum) additional postscript
PPS Precise Positioning Service
pps pulse per second
ppt parts-per-thousand, 10^-3
PR Public Relations
PRAMM Planning Research Analysis Marketing and Management Firm, USA
PRAO ASC Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory, Russia
PPARC Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, UK
PRARE Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment
PRC People's Republic of China
PREM Preliminary Reference Earth Model
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PRL Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
PRN Pseudo Random Noise
PRN Pseudo Random Number
PRO Parkes Radio Observatory, Australia
Proc. Proceedings
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PRR Print Request Router
Prof. Professor
PS PostScript (file format)
PS. (Lat. Postscriptum) postscript
PS Power Supply
Ps. Psalm
PSC IRAS Point Source Catalog
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSI Packetnet Systems Interface
PSLR Portable Satellite Laser Ranging System, Latvia
PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
PSN Piano Spazial Nazionale, Italy
PSO Penalty Shoot-out (sport)
PSP Poisson Series Processor software (IAA)
PSR Pulsar
PSRS Patient Safety Reporting System, USA
PST U.S. Pacific Standard Time (UTC - 8h)
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PT Playback Terminal
PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschgweig, Germany
PTC Positive Train Control program, USA
PTI Parkes-Tidbinbilla real-time Interferometer, Australia
PTI Photoelectric Transit Instrument
Pts Points (sport)
PTS Precision Timing Station (GalileoSat)
PTTI Precise Time and Time Interval
Publ. Publication(s)
PURL Persistent Uniform Resource Locator
PVC PolyVinyl Chloride
PWR Power
PWS Personal Web Server
PWV Precipitable Water Vapor
PZT Photographic Zenith Tube
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Q
Q Queen (chess)
Q. Question
Q&A Questions and Answers
QASP Quality Assurance Program (EVN/JIVE)
QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (meteorology)
QBSA Quarterly Bulletin of Solar Activity
QC Quality Control (Quality Check)
QE Quantum Efficiency
QEM Quality Education for Minorities program (USA)
QEMM Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager
QG Quasi-Geostrophic
QIF Quasi Ionosphere Free
QISAM Queued Indexed Sequential Access Method
QL Quick-Look
QLDAC DUT Quick-Look Data Analysis Center
QMCP Quadrant MicroChannel Plate
QoS Quality of Service
QSAM Queued Sequential Access Method
QSO QuasiStellar Object (quasar)
QUASAR QUantitative Analysis and Series Adjustment in Radioastrometry
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R
R Reaumur
R Red
R. Republican (a member of the Republic Party)
R Rook (chess)
R. Royal
RA Radar Altimeter
RA Right Ascension
RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
RAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
RAM Random Access Memory
RAO Radio Astronomy Observatory
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Internet)
RARR Range And RangeRate
RAS Remote Access Services
RAS Royal Astronomical Society, UK
RAS Russian Academy of Sciences
RASCAL RASter Scanning Airborne Lidar
RASNZ Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand
R/C Replacement Civil (GPS code)
RCFC&WCD Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, USA
RCMA IAU WG on Relativity for Celestial Mechanics and Astrometry
RCMAM IAU WG on Relativity for Celestial Mechanics and Metrology
RCP Right Circular Polarization
R&D Research and Development
Rd. Road
RDAAC Regional GPS Data Acquisition and Analysis Center on northern Eurasia, Moscow
RDAN Roosbeek Dehant Analytical Nutation
RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System
RDC Regional Data Center
RDF Resource Description Language
RDNN Roosbeek Dehant Numerical Nutation
RDO Remote Data Objects
RDS Remote Data Service
REGAL Regional GPS Network Across Western Alps
Rem. Remote
REN REName
Rep. Republican (a member of the Republic Party)
Reqd. Required
Res. Research
resp. respectively
RESURS Earth Remote Sensing Satellite
Rev. Review
RF Radio Frequency
RFBR Russian Foundation for Basic Research
RFC Request for Comments (Internet)
RFCN Retrograde Free Core Nutation
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RFS Remote File Sharing (UNIX file system)
RFWG IGS Reference Frame Working Group
RGNA Red Geodesica Nacional Activa, Mexico
RGO Royal Greenwich Observatory, UK
RGOLAS RGO Laser System, Herstmonso, UK
RHCP Right-Hand Circular Polarization
RHESSI NASA Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager spacecraft
(former HESSI)
RHS Right Hand Side
RI Rhode Island
RICE Regional Information CEnter
RIG Research Institute of Geodesy, Geodetic Observatory Pecny, Ondrejov,
Czech Republic
RIGTC Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography, and Cartography
RIM Regional Ionosphere Map (Model)
RIMS Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations (EGNOS)
RIN Royal Institute of Navigation, UK
RINEX Receiver INdependent EXchange format
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIS Retroreflector in Space
RISC Reduced Instruction-Set Computer
RISDE Russian Institute of Space Device Engineering
RISE Radio Interferometry for SElenodesy project (Japan)
RITSS Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, USA
RJGC Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre, Jordan
RLE Run Length Encoding (graphic file format)
RLV Reusable Launch Vehicle
RM Reference Monument
RME Relay Mirror Experiment
RMS Root Mean Square
RMT Reference Monument
RNA Remote Network Access
RNAAC IGS Regional Network Associate Analysis Center
ROA Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada, Spain
ROB Royal Observatory of Belgium (Observatoire Royal de Belgium), Brussel, Belgium
ROE Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, UK
ROEN Radio-Observatorio Espacial do Nordeste, Brazil
ROM Read-Only Memory
RORF Radio Optical Reference Frame
ROT Requested Observe Time (VSI)
RPC Remote Procedure Call (Internet)
RPG Report Program Generator (programming language)
RPIN Russian Public Institute of Navigation
rpm revolutions per minute
rps revolutions per second
RQE Responsive Quantum Efficiency
RRA RetroReflector Array
RRFID USNO Radio Reference Frame Image Database
RRL Radio Research Laboratories, Japan (now CRL)
RS Radio Source
RS Reference System
RSA Russian Space Agency
RSAT Relay Satellite Transponder (SELENE)
RSC Radio Source Coordinates
RSE Reference System Effect
RSMAS Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
RSSA Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, MSSSO, Australia
RSU Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
RSVP Resource ReserVation Protocol
RSX Resource Sharing Executive (operating system)
RT Real Time
RT Recording Terminal
RT MRAO Ryle Telescope
RTAI Real Time Application Interface
RTC Real Time Clock
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, USA
RTD Research and Technological Development
RTK Real Time Kinematics (GPS)
RTL HP Raster Transfer Language
RTN Research Training Network (European Commission)
RTW RadioTelescope Wettzell
RTWG IGS Real Time Working Group
RUSEG Russia/US Experiment on Geodynamics by GPS Technology
RX Receiver
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S
S. Saturn
S South
SA Selective Availability (GPS)
sa semiannual
SAAO South African Astronomical Observatory
SAC Astronomical Station of Cagliari (Stazione Astronomica di Cagliari, Italy
SAC Service Access Controller (UNIX)
SAC-C Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C
SAF Service Access Facility (UNIX)
SAFE San Andreas Fault Experiment
SAFRD South African Foundation for Research Development
SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment
SAI Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia
SALRO Saudi Arabian Laser Ranging Observatory, Riyahd, Saudi Arabia
SAM Sequential Access Method
SAMBA SAtellite to Measure Background Anisotropies
SANSAT Stllenbosh UNiversity SATellite
SAO Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, China
SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
SAO Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS, N. Arkhys, Russia
SAR Search And Rescue
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
SAS Safety Access Service (GalileoSat)
SAS Scandinavian Airlines System
Sat Saturday
SATA Serial-ATA
S.B. (Lat. Scientiae Baccalaureus) Bachelor of Science
SB Sound Blaster
SB Special Bureau
SB SubBureau
SBA IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Atmosphere
SBAAM IERS SubBureau for Atmospheric Angular Momentum
SBC IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Core
SBCS Single-Byte Character Set
SBD SingleBand Delay (VLBI)
SBGG IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Geocenter/Gravity
SBH IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Hydrology
SBIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
SBL IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Loading
SBM IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Mantle
SBNC Small Bodies Names Committee
SBO IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Oceans
SB RAS Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
SBT IERS/GGFC Special Bureau for Tides
Sc. Science
SC South Carolina
S/C Spacecraft
SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
SCAR Shanghai Center for Astro-geodynamics Research
SCCS Source Code Control System (UNIX)
SCEC Southern California Earthquake Center, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
SCF Signal Control Facility (GalileoSat)
SCFCS ICSU Standing Committee on the Freedom in the Conduct of Science
SCG SuperConducting Gravimeter
SCI Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics
SCIAMACHY SCanning Imaging Absorbtion spectrometer for AtMospheric CartograpHY
SCIGN Southern California Integrated GPS Network
SCM Software Configuration Management
SCO Santa Cruz Operation
SCOSTEP Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SD Single Density
SD Single-Depth (GPS antenna)
SD Single Difference (GPS)
SD South Dakota
SD Standard Deviation
SDIO Strategic Defence Initiative Organization, USA
S.Dak. South Dakota
SDK Software Development Kit
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Communication
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center
SE Southeast
SEATO South-East Asia Treaty Organization
SED Spectral Energy Distribution
SEFD System Equivalent Flux Density
SEL Software Engineering Laboratory (GSFC, CSC, UM), USA
SELENE SELenological and ENgineering Explorer project (Japan)
SELF Sea Level Fluctuations in the Medterranean
SELV Safely Extra-Low Voltage
Sen. Senator
SENH NASA Solid Earth and Natural Hazards program
Sens. Sensing
SENTO CENtral Treaty Organization
Sep September
SEP Strong Equivalence Principle
SEPS European Secretariat for Scientific Publications
(Segretariato Europeo per le Pubblicazioni Scientifiche), Italy
Ser. Series
SERC Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
SERIES Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying
SEST Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope
SESWG NASA Solid Earth Science Working Group
SETI Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence
SEWP Scientific and Engineering Workstation Procurement
SF Semi-Final (sport)
SFA San Fernando Monument Information
SFCSIC Coordinational Scientific Information Center of the Russian Ministry of Defence
SFR Star Formation Region
SFSC CGSIC U.S. States and Localities Subcommittee
SFX SelF-eXtracting (file archive)
SG Signal Generator
SG Superconducting Gravimeter
SGAPO Space Geodesy and Altimetry Projects Office
SGF Space Geodesy Facility, UK
SGGS NASA/JPL Satellite Geodesy and Geodynamics Systems Group
SGI Silicon Graphics Image
SGI Silicon Graphics, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
SGL CRESTech Space Geodynamics Laboratory, Canada
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGMS Space Geodetic Measurement Sites
SGP Space Geodesy Project (Space Geodesy Program)
Sgt. Sergeant
SHAGAP SHAnghai observatory GPS Analysis Program
SHAO SHanghai Astronomical Observatory, China
SHARC SHarc Acquires Receiver Contents (GPS software)
SHARC Super Harvard Architecture Computer
SHeGs Superfluid Helium Gyroscope
SHEVE Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experiment
SHO Simosato Hydrographic Observatory, Japan
SHOLAS Simosato Laser Station, Japan
SHORD SHanghai observatory ORbit Determination
SI International System of Units (Systeme International)
SI Structure Index
SIAM Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, USA
SIC Solid Inner Core
SIF Site Information Form (IGS)
SIM NASA JPL Space Interferometry Mission
SIM Subscriber Identity Module (GSM)
SIMBAD Set of Identifications, Measurements Bibliography for Astronomical Data
SIMFOV SIMulation Field Of View software
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SINET Scientic Information NETwork, Japan
SINEX Solution INdependent EXchange format
(Software/technique INdependent EXchange format)
SINS Strapdown Inertial Navigation System
SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA
SIP SIO predicted (orbit)
SIRGAS South American Geocentric Reference System
(Sistema de Referencia Geocentrico para America del Sur)
SIRS Southern International Reference Stars
SIRTF NASA Space Infrared Telescope Facility
SIS Scanning Imaging Spectroradiometer
SISA Signal-In-Space Accuracy (GalileoSat)
SIT Silicon Intensified Target
SIU Smart Internet Usage (software, HP)
SK Norwegian Mapping Authority (Statens Kartwerk), Norway
SKA Square Kilometer Array (radio telescope project)
SLA Shuttle Laser Altimeter
SLI NASA Space Launch Initiative
SLICER Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery
SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol
SLR Satellite Laser Ranging
SMART Stretched Mesh Attached to Rope Trusses (radio telescope back-up structure)
SMB Server Message Block
SMB Small and Media Business
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SMS Short Messaging System
SMS Systems Management Server
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)
S/N Serial Number
SNAP Standard Notation for Astronomical Procedures (FS command language)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (Internet)
SNNS Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SO Southern Oscillation (meteorology)
SOAP Single Operator Automation System
SOC Scientific Organizing Committee
Soc. Society
SOD CNES Service d'Orbitographie DORIS
SOD Site Occupation Designator
SOEST School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, USA
SOFA Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy
SOFIA NASA Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy
SOHO ESA/NASA SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory mission
SOI Southern Oscillation Index (meteorology)
SOI Survey of Israel
SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork, USA
SOOS Stacked Oscars on Scout (TRANSIT)
SOPAC SIO Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center, San Diego, CA, USA
SOR Starfire Optical Range, USA
SORBDT Satellite ORBit DeTerminator (AIUB software)
SORT Solar Orbit Relativity Test
SP Shore Patrol
SP Signal Processing
Sp. Space
SP NASA STI Special Publication
SPAD Single Photon Avalanche Diode
SPAN Space Physics Analysis Network
SPb St.Petersburg, Russia
SPBU St.Petersburg State University, Russia
SPC ESA Science Program Committee
SPC Super Physical Contact (connector)
SPD Spectral Power Density
SPE Single Photo Electron
SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering
SPGN Secondary Precise Geodetic Network, Japan
SPM Southern Proper Motion program
SPNLAS San Fernando Laser Station, Spain
SPOT Satellite Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre
SPP Solar Principal Plane
SPP Standard Parallel Port
SPRINTmail SPRINT Mail, formerly TELEMAIL
SPS Standard Positioning Service
SPT Satellite Positioning Technology
SPWG ILRS Signal Processing Working Group
SQL Structured Query Language
SR Special Relativity
SRC-PAS Space Research Center of the Astrodynamical Observatory of the PAS
SRDC Shanghai Regional Data Center
SRG Special Rapporteur Group
SRG Special Research Group
SRI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
SRIF Square Root Information Filter
SRIFS Square Root Information Filter and Smoother
SRP Solar Radiation Pressure
SRP System Reference Point
SRS Satellite Reference System
SRS Southern Reference Stars
SRS Stanford Research Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
SRT Haystack Small Radio Telescope
SRT Space Radio Telescope
SRT Special Relativity Theory
SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Space-Shuttle-based INSAR mission)
SS Single Sided (disk)
SSA Singular Spectrum Analysis
SSAC ESA SPC Space Science Advisory Committee
SSB Single Sideband
SSB Solar System Barycenter
SSBM Single SideBand Mixer
SSC Set of Station Coordinates
SSC SIRTF Science Center
SSC Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
SSDS NASA Space Science Data System
SSE South-Southeast
SSFPO Space Station Freedom Project Office
SSG Special Study Group
SSH Sea Surface Height
SHS SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey, ROE, UK
SSI Server Side Includes
SSL MSFC Space Science Laboratory
SSMOC SOFIA Science and Mission Operation Center
SSN Social Security Number
SSP Scientific Subroutines Package
SSPC Site specific phase corrections (GPS)
SSS SuperCOSMOS Sky Surveys, ROE, UK
SST Sea Surface Temperature
SSTD Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
SSV Set of Station Velocities
SSW South-Southwest
SSWG ESA SPC Solar System Working Group
St. Saint
ST Sidereal Time
S&T Sky and Telescope (journal)
st. street
STA Science and technology Agency, Japan
STALAS NASA/GSFC Stationary Laser Station (System)
S.T.A.R. Simultaneous Track And Record (CCD software)
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STD Standard Deviation
STDN Satellite Tracking Data Network
STEC Slant Total Electron Contents
ST-ECF Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
STEL Solar-Terrestrial Environment laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan
STEP Space Test of the Equivalent Principle (LAEFF, Spain)
STI NASA Scientific and Technical Information
STIS Space Telescope Imaging Specrograph (HST)
STJ Superconducting Tunnel Junction (imaging detector)
STR Scientific Technical Report
str. street
STS Space Transportation System, USA
STScI Space Telescope Science Institute
STSP ESA Solar-Terrestrial Science Program
STWA Short Thin Wire Antenna
SU Seismic Unix software
Sun Sunday
SUNSAT Stellenbosch University Satellite, South Africa
SUNY State University of New York
Suppl. Supplement
Supt. Superintendent
SUT Slovak University of Technology
SV Space Vehicle
SVD Singular Value Decomposition
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
SVGA Super Video Graphics Adapter
SVID System V Interface Definition (UNIX)
SVLBI Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry
S/W Software
SW Southwest
SWEPOS Swedish Permanent GPS Network
SWIRE IPAC SIRTF Wide-area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
SWT Sience Working Team
SXAO Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, China
Symp. Symposium
SYRIUS IAA System Radio Interferometric Universal for Satellite observations
SYRTE SYstemes de Reference Temps Espace, Paris Observatory, France (former DANOF)
SZ Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
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Tabl. Table
TAC Technical Assistance Center
TAC Topcon America Corporation
TAC Totally Accurate Clock
TAC USNO Twin Astrographic Catalog
TAD Teaching for Astronomy Development
TAI International Atomic Time (Temps Atomique International)
TAO Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
TAPI Telephony API
TAU Tel Aviv University
TAUVEX Tel Aviv University UV Experiment
Tb Terabit
TB Terabyte
tba to be announced
tbd to be determined
TBN The Banner Network
TC IERS Technical Center
TCB Task Control Block
TCB Barycentric Coordinate Time
TCC Technical Coordinate Center
TCG Geocentric Coordinate Time
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCU Timing Control Unit
TCUP TLRS Upgrade Project
TD Time Delay
TD Triple Difference (GPS)
TDAF Tracking and Data Analysis Facility (ESA)
TDB Barycentric Dynamical Time
TDC Technology Development Center
TDF Travel Demand Forecasting
TDI Time Delay and Integrate (CCD)
TDOP Time Dilution of Precision (GPS)
TDRS NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
TDRSS Time-Domain Reflectrometry
TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
TDT Terrestrial Dynamical Time
TEC Total Electron Content (Total Electron Count)
TECU TEC Unit
TEFRATRACE Towards a European Framework for correlating Records of AbrupT
enviRonmentAl ChangE
TELENET GTE public packet switching network
TELNET Remote Login (Internet)
TEMPO Time and Earth Motion Precision Observations
TEN Trans-European Network
Tenn. Tennessee
TEO Terrestrial Ephemeris Origin
TEQC Translate/Edit/Quality Check (GPS software)
TES Transition Edge Sensor (imaging detector)
Tex. Texas
TEXnet Texas Network
T&F Time and Frequency
TFO TOPEX/Poseidon Follow-On
TG Tide Gauge
TGP Tide-Generating Potential
THEMIS THermal EMission Imaging System
THEnet Texas Higher Education Network
Thu Thursday
TIC Time Interval Counter
TIF Tagged Image (Interchange) File
TIFA Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents
TIFF Tagged Image (Interchange) File Format
TIFR Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India
TIGA Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring (IGS project)
TIGO Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory
(Transportables Integriertes Geodaetisches Observatorium), Germany
TIMED Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics spacecraft
TIPS Tether Physics and Survivability Experiment
TIR Total Internal Reflection (optics)
TIRV Tuned Inter-Range Vector
TISC CGSIC Timing Information Subcommittee
TIU Time Interval Unit
TIUS Truck Inventory and Use Study
Tix Tk Interface Extension
TLI Transport Layer Interface (UNIX)
TLM Telemetry
TLRS Transportable Laser Ranging System
TM NASA STI Technical Memorandum
TM Trade Mark
TMR EU Training and Mobility of Researchers program
TN Tennessee
TNO Trans-Neptunian Objects
TNT Teramo-Normale Telescope, OACT, Italy
TNT TriNitroToluene
TNV Telephone Network Voltage
TOCAMM TOrino CAgliari Measuring Machine
TOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign Language
TOGA Tropical Ocean - Global Atmosphere project
TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
TOPEX Ocean Topography Experiment
ToR Terms of Reference
TOS TIGA Observing Stations
TOW Technical Operations Workshop (IVS)
T/P TOPEX/POSEIDON
TP NASA STI Technical Publication
TP Transport Protocol
TP Twisted Pair
TPD Technisch Physische Dienst, the Netherlands
TPF NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder
tpi tracks per inch
TPI Transport Programming Interface
TPS Topcon Positioning Systems
TR Tabulae Regiomontanae (Bessel's catalog)
TR Technical Report
TRACE NASA Transition Region and Coronal Explorer
TRANSIT Time Ranging and Sequential ... (Navy Navigation Satellite System), USA
Trans. Transactions
TRAO Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory
TRC Tycho Reference Catalog
TRF Terrestrial Reference Frame
TRS Terrestrial Reference System
TSGC Texas Space Grant Consortium, Austin, TX, USA
TSPI Telephony Service Provider Interface
TSS Timing Synchronize Signal
TT NASA STI Technical Translation
TT Terrestrial Time
TTandC Tracking Telemetry/Control
TTC Telemetry, Tracking, and Command
TTTF Time-to-first-fix (satellite navigation systems)
TU University of Technology
TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Scientific and Technical Research Council, Turkey
TUD Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
Tue Tuesday
TUJJB Turkish Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
TUM Technical University of Munich, Germany
TV TeleVision
TV Test Vector (VSI)
TVG Test Vector Generator (VSI)
TVR Test Vector Receiver (VSI)
TVDS Transportable VLBI Data System
TWAA Technical Workshop for APT and APSG
TWG Technique Working Group
TWS Translation Workflow System
TWSTT Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer
TWSTFT Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer
TX Texas
TX Transiver
TXT Text
TZD Tropospheric Zenith Delay
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U Ultraviolet
U. University
U. Uranus
U.A.E. United Arab Emirates
UAE Unrecoverable Application Error
UAL United AirLines
UAO Urumqi Astronomical Observatory, China
UAProf User Agent Profile (WAP)
UARS Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite
UB University of Bonn, Germany
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UBV Ultraviolet-Blue-Visible (star photometry)
UBVRI Ultraviolet-Blue-Visible-Red-Infrared (star photometry)
UCAC USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog
UCAC-S USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog - South
UCAR University Consortium of Atmospheric Research, USA
UCCSN University and Community College System of Nevada, NV, USA
UCL University College London, UK
UCLA University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
UCSB University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
UCSC Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Chile
UCSC University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
UCSD University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
UDA Universal Data Access
UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (Internet specification)
UdeC Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
UDF Universal Disk Format
UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access
UDP User Datagram Protocol (Internet)
UDSC Usuda Deep Space Center, Japan
UEN Up-East-North coordinate system
UERE User Equivalent Range Error (GPS)
UFO Unidentified Flying Object
UFPR University Federal de Parana, Brazil
UH University of Hawaii, USA
UHC Ultra-High-Contrast
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UID Universal IDentifier
UIN Universal Internet Number
UIUC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champain, IL, USA
UK United Kingdom
UKATC UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Edinburgh, UK
UKIDSS UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
UKIRT United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope, Mauna Kea, HI, USA
UKMO UK Meteorological Office
UKS UK Schmidt Telescope, AAO, Australia
UKST UK Schmidt Telescope, AAO, Australia
ULG Ultraluminous Galaxy
ULF Ultra Low Frequency
UM University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
UMBC University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD, USA
UML Universal Modelling Language
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UN United Nations
UN University of Nottingham, UK
UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
UNAVCO University NAVSTAR Consortium, Boulder, CO, USA
UNB University of New Brunswick, NB, Canada
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UNEF United Nations Environment Program
UNEP United Nations Environmental Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNI User-to-Network Interface
UNICANT University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
UNLV University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
UNO United Nations Organization
UNR University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
UNSW University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
UoN University of Nottingham, UK
UOSATS University of Surrey Satellite, UK
UPAD University of Padova (Universita di Padova and Telespazio S.P.A.), Italy
UPI United Press International
UPC Polytechnical University of Catalonia (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya),
Barcelona, Spain
UPC Ultra Physical Contact (connector)
UPF Universite de la Polynesie Francaise, French Polynesia
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
UPS Universal Parsel Service
URI Uniform Resource Identifiers
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URN Uniform Resource Name
URSI International Union of Radio Science (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale)
U.S. United States of America
USA United States of America
USACOE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USAF U.S. Air Force
USB Universal Serial Bus
USB Upper SideBand
USC University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
USC&GS U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
USCG U.S. Coast Guard
USD U.S. Dollar
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USIM Subscriber Identity Module for UMTS network
USL UNIX System Laboratories (former Bell Labs)
USN U.S. Navy
USNA U.S. Naval Academy
USNO U.S. Naval Observatory
USPS U.S. Postal Service
USRA Universities Space Research Association, USA
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
UST University of Science and Technology, Ghana
UT Universal Time
UT Utah
UT1R Universal Time Regularized
UT AUSTIN University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTCSR University of Texas Center for Space Research
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator projection
UTOPIA University of Texas Orbit Processor (software)
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTPM Universal Time and Polar Motion
UTX University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UTXMO Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
UUCP Unix to Unix Copy (Program)
UV Ultraviolet
UW University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
UWBC Ultra Wide Band Correlator (VLBI)
UWS University of Western Sydney, Australia
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V. Venus
v. Verb
v. Version
V Visible
v. Volume
VA Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
VA Virginia
VAFB Vandenberg Air Force Base, Vandenberg, CA, USA
VAT Value Added (sales) Tax
VAX Virtual Address eXtension
VB Visual Basic
VBA Visual Basic for Application
vBNS very high speed Backbone Network Services
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VC Video Converter
VCL Vegetation Canopy Lidar
VCL Visual Component Library (Borland)
VCM Visual Component Manager
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VCS VLBA Calibration Session
VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision (GPS)
VEN Vertical-East-North coordinate system
VEP Vehicle Evaluation Payload satellite, Japan
VER VERsion
VERA VLBI Exploration for Radio Astrometry project, Japan
VESA Video Electronic Standards Association
VEX VLBI Experiment Format
VF Video Frequency
VGA Video Graphics Array adapter
VHF Very High Frequency
VHRR Very High Resolution Radiometer
VHS Vertical Helix Scan (video technology)
VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit
VI Virgin Islands
VIIRS Visible-Infrared Imager Radiometer (NPOESS)
VILSPA Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station, Spain
VIP Very Important Person
VISAR Video Image Stabilization and Registration system
VISC VSOP International Science Council
VISTA Visible & Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy, UK
viz. (Lat. videlicet) namely
VLA NRAO Very Large Array, Soccoro, NM, USA
VLAN Virtual LAN
VLB Video Local Bus
VLBA Very Long Baseline Array
VLBAg Gedetic VLBA DAS
VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry
VLTI Very Large Telescope Interferometer
VLF Very Low Frequency
VM Virtual Machine
VMS Virtual Memory (Machine) System
VMS Visual Monitoring System
VNIIFTRI All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Technical
and Radio-Technical Measurements
VO Virtual Observatory
VOL Variations of Latitude
Vol. Volume
VP Vice President
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAD VLBI Radio Source (SELENE)
VRS Virtual Reference Station (GPS)
vs. versus
VS NIIFTRI East-Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Technical
and Radiotechnical Measurements (= ES SRIPRM)
VSA MRAO Very Small Array
VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method
VSAT Very Small Antenna Terminal (Very Small Aperture Terminal)
VSC VISTA Science Committee
VSI VLBI Standard Interface
VSI-H VLBI Standard Interface - Hardware specification
VSI-S VLBI Standard Interface - Software specification
VSL NMi Van Swinden Laboratorium, the Netherlands
VSOG VSOP Science Operations Group
VSOP VLBI Space Observatory Program
VSS Microsoft Visual SourceSafe
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
VT Vermont
VT Virtual Terminal
VTEC Vertical Total Electron Contents
VTS Vessel Trafic System
VUT Vienna University of Technology, Austria
v.v. vice versa
VW VolksWagen
VxD Virtual Driver
VZT Visual Zenith Telescope
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W West
W Wins (sport)
W3C WWW Consortium
WA Washington
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System (GPS)
WABI Windows Application Binary Interface
WACO Washington Correlator (USNO)
WAILI Wavelets with Integer Lifting (software)
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
Wash. Washington
WBR With best regards
WC Water Closet
WCCD Washington Comprehensive Catalog Database
WCDA Western Canada Deformation Array
WCDMP World Climate Data and Monitoring Program
WCPT West Coast Precision Traverse
WCRP World Climate Research Program
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WDS Washington Double Star catalog
Wed Wednesday
WEGENER Working Group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks
for Earth science Research
WEP Weak Equivalence Principle
WESTPAC Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network Satellite
WET West-European Time (UTC + 1h)
WETDST West-European Daylight Time (UTC + 2h)
WETLAS Wettzell Laser Station, Germany
WFAU Wide-Field Astronomy Unit, ROE, UK
WFC Wave-Front Clock (VLBI)
WFF NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, USA
WFPDB Wide-Field Plate DataBase
WFPC Width Field and Planetary Camera (HST)
WG Working Group
WGAS IAU Working Group on Astronomy Standards
WGC World Golf Championship
WGDAA IAU Working Group for Encouraging the International Development
of Antarctic Astronomy
WGESP IAU Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets
WGGGI SCAR Working Group on Geodesy and Geographic Information
WGGMVS IVS Working group for Geophysical Models in VLBI Software
WGNEO IAU Working Group on Near Earth Objects
WGPSN IAU Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature
WGRF IAU Working Group on Reference Frames
WGS World Geodetic System
WGWWDA IAU Working Group for the World wide development of astronomy
WHAT A CAT West Hellenic Arc Tectonics and Calbrian Arc Tectonics
WHO World Health Organization
WI Wisconsin
WING Western Pacific Integrated Network of GPS, Japan
WIRE NASA Wide Field Infrared Explorer
Wis. Wisconsin
WKSH Windowing Korn Shell (UNIX)
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WLRS Wettzell Laser Ranging System, Germany
WLS Weighted Least Squares
WM Wild Magnavox
WMA Windows Media Audio (file format)
WMC World Meteorological Center
WMF Windows MetaFile
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WNW West-Northwest
w/o without
WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment
WOL Wake-On-LAN (Intel networked remote control)
WOSA Windows Open Services Architecture
WP Word Processing
WP Word Processor
WP Working Party
WPG WordPerfect Graphic File
WPLW Wavelet Packet Laboratory for Windows (software)
WPLS Western Pacific Laser Satellite
WPLTN Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network
WPVN Western Pacific VLBI Network
WRC World Radio Conference
WRMS Weighted RMS
wrt with respect to
WS WorkStation
WSAAG Western Sydney Amateur Astronomy Group
WSDL Web Services Description Language
WSO World Space Observatory
WSW West-Northwest
WT Wavelet Transform
wt. weight
WTA Womens' Tennis Association
WTO World Trade Organization
WTU Wuhan Technical University, China
WUT Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
WV West Virginia
W.Va. West Virginia
WVR Water Vapor Radiometer
WWAS World Warning Agency for Satellites
WWF World Wildlife Fund
WWW World Weather Watch
WWW World Wide Web
WY Wyoming
Wyo. Wyoming
WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get
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X Cross
X.25 Communication Protocol for Packet
XAPI eXtensive Application Programming Interface
XBM X-Window Bitmap
XEUS X-ray Early Universe Spectroscopy Mission (ESA)
XL Extra Large
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XMM X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission
XNS Xerox Network Systems (UNIX protocol)
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Y
Y2K Year 2000
YACC Yet Another Compiler-Compiler (UNIX)
yr year
YSI Yellow Springs Instruments, USA
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ZAW Microsoft Zero Administration for Windows
ZHD Zenith Hydrostatic Delay
ZHR Zenithal Hourly Rate (meteors observations)
ZIMLAS Zimmerwald Laser Station, Switzerland
ZIP Zone Improvement Program (U.S. mail system code)
ZIPE Zentralinstitut fuer Physik der Erde, Germany
ZMOA Zhu, Mathews, Ocean, Anelasticity (nutation madel)
ZND Zenith Neutral Delay
ZPD Zenith Path Delay
ZT Zonal Time
ZWD Zenith Wet Delay
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